sqlserver选择行号、随机查询

1、选择行号

select row_number() over (order by colName) as rowNum,* from tableName

2、随机排序

select *,newid() randomId from tableName order by randomId 

3、随机选取一行

1）方式一，以 选择行号 为基础，过滤条件是 rowNum 等于一个随机的整数。

select * from
(
select row_number() over (order by colName) as rowNum,* from tableName
) t where t.rowNum = celling(rand()*num)   -- num是该表的记录个数

2）方式二，为每条记录生成一个随机的id，根据随机id排序，最后选择第一条记录top 1。

select top 1 * from
(
select *,newid() randomId from tableName order by randomId 
) t

---

sql:除非另外还指定了 TOP 或 FOR XML，否则，ORDER BY 子句在视图、内联函数、派生表、子查询

执行sql语句:

select * from (

select * from tab where ID>20 order by userID desc

) as a order by date desc

逻辑上看着挺对 但是报错:

除非另外还指定了 TOP 或 FOR XML，否则，ORDER BY 子句在视图、内联函数、派生表、子查询和公用表表达式中无效。

只要我们在嵌套子查询视图里面加入: top 100 percent 即可

select * from (

select top 100 percent * from tab where ID>20 order by userID desc

) as a order by date desc

默认情况下，如果在子查询，函数，视图中尝试去使用ORDER BY，

CREATE VIEW dbo.VSortedOrders
AS

SELECT orderid, customerid
FROM dbo.Orders
ORDER BY orderid
GO

那么可能会遇到下面的错误

消息 1033，级别 15，状态 1，第 4 行

除非另外还指定了 TOP 或 FOR XML，否则，ORDER BY 子句在视图、内联函数、派生表、子查询和公用表表达式中无效。

原因就是针对一个表的SELECT其实并不是返回一个表，而是一个游标。

如果一定要用怎么办呢？答案就是配合TOP 100 PERCENT

SELECT     TOP (100) PERCENT orderid, customerid
FROM         dbo.Orders
ORDER BY orderid, customerid DESC

示例

select top 1   * from
(
select top 100 PERCENT *,newid() randomId from Products order by randomId 
) t

select  top 1 *,newid() randomId from Products order by randomId 
select  top 1 *  from Products where status=1 ORDER BY NEWID()

select * from
(
select row_number() over (order by id) as rowNum,* from Products
) t where t.rowNum = ceiling(rand()*10)   -- num是该表的记录个数


select ceiling( rand()*10) 

select rand()*1000