LeetCode OJ 上面的 Database 板块里面的题目还是比较经典有借鉴价值的，在此把自己在上面提交通过的答案记录下来（部分不是最优解，有更优解的欢迎赐教）方便复习和整理。（注：按Difficulty排序）
Employees Earning More Than Their Managers
The Employee table holds all employees including their managers. Every employee has an Id, and there is also a column for the manager Id.
+----+-------+--------+-----------+ | Id | Name | Salary | ManagerId | +----+-------+--------+-----------+ | 1 | Joe | 70000 | 3 | | 2 | Henry | 80000 | 4 | | 3 | Sam | 60000 | NULL | | 4 | Max | 90000 | NULL | +----+-------+--------+-----------+
Given the Employee table, write a SQL query that finds out employees who earn more than their managers. For the above table, Joe is the only employee who earns more than his manager.
+----------+ | Employee | +----------+ | Joe | +----------+
Personal answers :
select a.Name as Employee from Employee a join Employee b on a.ManagerId=b.Id and a.Salary>b.Salary;Duplicate Emails
Write a SQL query to find all duplicate emails in a table named Person.
+----+---------+ | Id | Email | +----+---------+ | 1 | a@b.com | | 2 | c@d.com | | 3 | a@b.com | +----+---------+
For example, your query should return the following for the above table:
+---------+ | Email | +---------+ | a@b.com | +---------+
Note: All emails are in lowercase.
Personal answers ：
select Email from Person group by Email having count(*) > 1;Combine Two Tables
Table: Person
+-------------+---------+ | Column Name | Type | +-------------+---------+ | PersonId | int | | FirstName | varchar | | LastName | varchar | +-------------+---------+ PersonId is the primary key column for this table.
Table: Address
+-------------+---------+ | Column Name | Type | +-------------+---------+ | AddressId | int | | PersonId | int | | City | varchar | | State | varchar | +-------------+---------+ AddressId is the primary key column for this table.
Write a SQL query for a report that provides the following information for each person in the Person table, regardless if there is an address for each of those people:
FirstName, LastName, City, State
Personal answers :
select FirstName, LastName, City, State from Person left join Address on Person.PersonId = Address.PersonId;Customers Who Never Order
Suppose that a website contains two tables, the Customers table and theOrders table. Write a SQL query to find all customers who never order anything.
Table: Customers.
+----+-------+ | Id | Name | +----+-------+ | 1 | Joe | | 2 | Henry | | 3 | Sam | | 4 | Max | +----+-------+
Table: Orders.
+----+------------+ | Id | CustomerId | +----+------------+ | 1 | 3 | | 2 | 1 | +----+------------+
Using the above tables as example, return the following:
+-----------+ | Customers | +-----------+ | Henry | | Max | +-----------+
Personal answers :
SELECT Name FROM Customers WHERE Id NOT IN (SELECT CustomerId FROM Orders);Rising Temperature
Given a Weather table, write a SQL query to find all dates' Ids with higher temperature compared to its previous (yesterday's) dates.
+---------+------------+------------------+ | Id(INT) | Date(DATE) | Temperature(INT) | +---------+------------+------------------+ | 1 | 2015-01-01 | 10 | | 2 | 2015-01-02 | 25 | | 3 | 2015-01-03 | 20 | | 4 | 2015-01-04 | 30 | +---------+------------+------------------+For example, return the following Ids for the above Weather table:
+----+ | Id | +----+ | 2 | | 4 | +----+
Personal answers :
SELECT Id FROM (
SELECT CASE
WHEN Temperature > @prevtemp AND DATEDIFF(Date, @prevdate) = 1 THEN Id ELSE NULL END AS Id,
@prevtemp:=Temperature,
@prevdate:=Date
FROM Weather, (SELECT @prevtemp:=NULL) AS A, (SELECT @prevdate:=NULL) AS B ORDER BY Date ASC
) AS D WHERE Id IS NOT NULL;
OR
select a.Id from Weather a, Weather b where DATEDIFF(a.Date, b.Date) = 1 and a.Temperature > b.Temperature;Second Highest Salary
Write a SQL query to get the second highest salary from the Employee table.
+----+--------+ | Id | Salary | +----+--------+ | 1 | 100 | | 2 | 200 | | 3 | 300 | +----+--------+
For example, given the above Employee table, the second highest salary is 200. If there is no second highest salary, then the query should return null.
Personal answers :
SELECT max(Salary) FROM Employee WHERE Salary < (SELECT max(Salary) FROM Employee);Delete Duplicate Emails
Write a SQL query to delete all duplicate email entries in a table named Person, keeping only unique emails based on its smallest Id.
+----+------------------+ | Id | Email | +----+------------------+ | 1 | john@example.com | | 2 | bob@example.com | | 3 | john@example.com | +----+------------------+ Id is the primary key column for this table.
For example, after running your query, the above Person table should have the following rows:
+----+------------------+ | Id | Email | +----+------------------+ | 1 | john@example.com | | 2 | bob@example.com | +----+------------------+
Personal answers :
delete p1 from Person p1, Person p2 where p1.Email = p2.Email and p1.Id > p2.Id;Consecutive Numbers
Write a SQL query to find all numbers that appear at least three times consecutively.
+----+-----+ | Id | Num | +----+-----+ | 1 | 1 | | 2 | 1 | | 3 | 1 | | 4 | 2 | | 5 | 1 | | 6 | 2 | | 7 | 2 | +----+-----+
For example, given the above Logs table, 1 is the only number that appears consecutively for at least three times.
Personal answers :
select DISTINCT num FROM
(select num,
case
when @record = num then @count:=@count+1
when @record <> @record:=num then @count:=1 end as n
from
Logs ,(select @count:=0,@record:=(SELECT num from Logs limit 0,1)) r
) a
where a.n>=3;Rank Scores
Write a SQL query to rank scores. If there is a tie between two scores, both should have the same ranking. Note that after a tie, the next ranking number should be the next consecutive integer value. In other words, there should be no "holes" between ranks.
+----+-------+ | Id | Score | +----+-------+ | 1 | 3.50 | | 2 | 3.65 | | 3 | 4.00 | | 4 | 3.85 | | 5 | 4.00 | | 6 | 3.65 | +----+-------+
For example, given the above Scores table, your query should generate the following report (order by highest score):
+-------+------+ | Score | Rank | +-------+------+ | 4.00 | 1 | | 4.00 | 1 | | 3.85 | 2 | | 3.65 | 3 | | 3.65 | 3 | | 3.50 | 4 | +-------+------+
Personal answers :
SELECT s2.Score, (SELECT count(distinct s1.Score) FROM Scores s1 WHERE s1.Score >= s2.Score)
FROM Scores s2
ORDER BY s2.Score DESC;Department Highest Salary
The Employee table holds all employees. Every employee has an Id, a salary, and there is also a column for the department Id.
+----+-------+--------+--------------+ | Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId | +----+-------+--------+--------------+ | 1 | Joe | 70000 | 1 | | 2 | Henry | 80000 | 2 | | 3 | Sam | 60000 | 2 | | 4 | Max | 90000 | 1 | +----+-------+--------+--------------+
The Department table holds all departments of the company.
+----+----------+ | Id | Name | +----+----------+ | 1 | IT | | 2 | Sales | +----+----------+
Write a SQL query to find employees who have the highest salary in each of the departments. For the above tables, Max has the highest salary in the IT department and Henry has the highest salary in the Sales department.
+------------+----------+--------+ | Department | Employee | Salary | +------------+----------+--------+ | IT | Max | 90000 | | Sales | Henry | 80000 | +------------+----------+--------+
Personal answers :
SELECT D.Name AS Department ,E.Name AS Employee ,E.Salary AS Salary
FROM
Employee E,
(SELECT DepartmentId,max(Salary) as max FROM Employee GROUP BY DepartmentId) T,
Department D
WHERE E.DepartmentId = T.DepartmentId
AND E.Salary = T.max
AND E.DepartmentId = D.idNth Highest Salary
Write a SQL query to get the nth highest salary from the Employee table.
+----+--------+ | Id | Salary | +----+--------+ | 1 | 100 | | 2 | 200 | | 3 | 300 | +----+--------+
For example, given the above Employee table, the nth highest salary wheren = 2 is 200. If there is no nth highest salary, then the query should returnnull.
Personal answers :
CREATE FUNCTION getNthHighestSalary(N INT) RETURNS INT
BEGIN
SET N = N - 1;
RETURN (
SELECT IFNULL ( (SELECT distinct Salary FROM Employee ORDER BY Salary DESC LIMIT N,1), NULL )
);
ENDTrips and Users
The Trips table holds all taxi trips. Each trip has a unique Id, while Client_Id and Driver_Id are both foreign keys to the Users_Id at theUsers table. Status is an ENUM type of (‘completed’, ‘cancelled_by_driver’, ‘cancelled_by_client’).
+----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+ | Id | Client_Id | Driver_Id | City_Id | Status |Request_at| +----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+ | 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | completed |2013-10-01| | 2 | 2 | 11 | 1 | cancelled_by_driver|2013-10-01| | 3 | 3 | 12 | 6 | completed |2013-10-01| | 4 | 4 | 13 | 6 | cancelled_by_client|2013-10-01| | 5 | 1 | 10 | 1 | completed |2013-10-02| | 6 | 2 | 11 | 6 | completed |2013-10-02| | 7 | 3 | 12 | 6 | completed |2013-10-02| | 8 | 2 | 12 | 12 | completed |2013-10-03| | 9 | 3 | 10 | 12 | completed |2013-10-03| | 10 | 4 | 13 | 12 | cancelled_by_driver|2013-10-03| +----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+
The Users table holds all users. Each user has an unique Users_Id, and Role is an ENUM type of (‘client’, ‘driver’, ‘partner’).
+----------+--------+--------+ | Users_Id | Banned | Role | +----------+--------+--------+ | 1 | No | client | | 2 | Yes | client | | 3 | No | client | | 4 | No | client | | 10 | No | driver | | 11 | No | driver | | 12 | No | driver | | 13 | No | driver | +----------+--------+--------+
Write a SQL query to find the cancellation rate of requests made by unbanned clients betweenOct 1, 2013 and Oct 3, 2013. For the above tables, your SQL query should return the following rows with the cancellation rate being rounded totwo decimal places.
+------------+-------------------+ | Day | Cancellation Rate | +------------+-------------------+ | 2013-10-01 | 0.33 | | 2013-10-02 | 0.00 | | 2013-10-03 | 0.50 | +------------+-------------------+
Personal answers :
select t.Request_at Day, round(sum(if(Status = 'completed', 0, 1))/count(*), 2) 'Cancellation Rate'
from Trips t inner join Users u on t.Client_Id = u.Users_Id and u.Banned='No'
where t.Request_at between '2013-10-01' and '2013-10-03'
group by t.Request_at;Department Top Three Salaries
The Employee table holds all employees. Every employee has an Id, and there is also a column for the department Id.
+----+-------+--------+--------------+ | Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId | +----+-------+--------+--------------+ | 1 | Joe | 70000 | 1 | | 2 | Henry | 80000 | 2 | | 3 | Sam | 60000 | 2 | | 4 | Max | 90000 | 1 | | 5 | Janet | 69000 | 1 | | 6 | Randy | 85000 | 1 | +----+-------+--------+--------------+
The Department table holds all departments of the company.
+----+----------+ | Id | Name | +----+----------+ | 1 | IT | | 2 | Sales | +----+----------+
Write a SQL query to find employees who earn the top three salaries in each of the department. For the above tables, your SQL query should return the following rows.
+------------+----------+--------+ | Department | Employee | Salary | +------------+----------+--------+ | IT | Max | 90000 | | IT | Randy | 85000 | | IT | Joe | 70000 | | Sales | Henry | 80000 | | Sales | Sam | 60000 | +------------+----------+--------+
Personal answers :
select d.Name Department, e1.Name Employee, e1.Salary
from Employee e1
join Department d
on e1.DepartmentId = d.Id
where 3 > (
select count(distinct(e2.Salary))
from Employee e2
where e2.Salary > e1.Salary
and e1.DepartmentId = e2.DepartmentId
);
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