测试代码
from collections import namedtuple
Task = namedtuple('Task', ['summary','owner','done','id'])
# __new__.__defaults__创建默认的Task对象
Task.__new__.__defaults__ = (None, None, False, None)
def test_default():
"""
如果不传任何参数，则默认调用缺省对象Task.__new__.__defaults__ = (None, None, False, None)
"""
t1 = Task()
t2 = Task(None, None, False, None)
assert t1 == t2
def test_member_access():
"""
利用属性名来访问对象成员
:return:
"""
t = Task('buy milk', 'brian')
assert t.summary == 'buy milk'
assert t.owner == 'brian'
assert(t.done, t.id) == (False, None)
def test_asdict():
"""
_asdict()返回一个字典
"""
t_task = Task('do something','okken',True, 21)
t_dict = t_task._asdict()
expected_dict = {'summary': 'do something',
'owner': 'okken',
'done': True,
'id': 21}
assert t_dict == expected_dict
def test_replace():
"""
_replace()替换对象成员
"""
t_before_replace = Task('finish book', 'brian', False)
t_after_replace = t_before_replace._replace(id=10, done=True)
t_expected = Task('finish book', 'brian', True, 10)
assert t_after_replace == t_expected
Pytest执行规则
pytest命令的执行可以加options和file or directory，如果不提供这些参数，pytest会在当前目录及其子目录下寻找测试文件，然后运行搜索到的测试代码；如果提供了一个或者多个文件名、目录，pytest会逐一查找并运行所有测试，为了搜索到所有的测试代码，pytest会递归遍历每个目录及其子目录,但也只是执行以test_开头或者_test开头的测试函数
pytest搜索测试文件和测试用例的过程称为测试搜索，只要遵循如下几条原则便能够被它搜索到
测试文件应命名为test_(something).py或者(something)_test.py
测试函数、测试类方法应命名为test_(something)
测试类应命名为Test(something)---以驼峰形式命名
如果执行上述代码文件，执行结果为：
D:\PythonPrograms\PythonPytest\TestScripts>pytest test_two.py
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.0.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: D:\PythonPrograms\PythonPytest\TestScripts, inifile:
plugins: allure-adaptor-1.7.10
collected 4 items
test_two.py .... [100%]
========================== 4 passed in 0.04 seconds ===========================
在执行结果的第一行显示执行代码的操作系统、python版本以及pytest的版本：platform win32 – Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.0.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
第二行显示搜索代码的启示目录以及配置文件，在本例中没有配置文件，因此inifile为空：rootdir: D:\PythonPrograms\PythonPytest\TestScripts, inifile:
第三行显示pytest插件
第四行 collected 4 items表示找到4个测试函数。
test_two.py … 显示的是测试文件名，后边的点表示测试通过，除了点以外，还可能遇到Failure、error（测试异常）、skip、xfail（预期失败并确实失败）、xpass（预期失败但实际通过，不符合预期）分别会显示F、E、s、x、X
4 passed in 0.04 seconds 则表示测试结果和执行时间
执行单个测试用例
使用命令 pytest -v 路径/文件名::测试用例函数名 执行结果如下：
D:\PythonPrograms\Python_Pytest\TestScripts>pytest -v test_two.py::test_replace
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.0.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0 -- c:\python37\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: D:\PythonPrograms\Python_Pytest\TestScripts, inifile:
plugins: allure-adaptor-1.7.10
collected 1 item
test_two.py::test_replace PASSED [100%]
========================== 1 passed in 0.04 seconds ===========================
命令行规则如下：
运行某个模块内的某个测试函数：
pytest test_mod.py::test_func
1
运行某个模块内某个类的某个测试方法：文件名::类名::测试用例名
pytest test_mod.py::TestClass::test_method
1
执行单个测试模块
pytest test_module.py
1
执行某个目录下的所有测试
pytest test/
1
–collect-only选项
在批量执行测试用例之前，我们往往会想知道哪些用例将被执行是否符合我们的预期等等，这种场景下可以使用–collect-only选项，如下执行结果所示：
D:\PythonPrograms\Python_Pytest\TestScripts>pytest --collect-only
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.0.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: D:\PythonPrograms\Python_Pytest\TestScripts, inifile:
plugins: allure-adaptor-1.7.10
collected 17 items
<Package 'D:\\PythonPrograms\\Python_Pytest\\TestScripts'>
<Module 'test_asserts.py'>
<Function 'test_add'>
<Function 'test_add2'>
<Function 'test_add3'>
<Function 'test_add4'>
<Function 'test_in'>
<Function 'test_not_in'>
<Function 'test_true'>
<Module 'test_fixture1.py'>
<Function 'test_numbers_3_4'>
<Function 'test_strings_a_3'>
<Module 'test_fixture2.py'>
<Class 'TestUM'>
<Function 'test_numbers_5_6'>
<Function 'test_strings_b_2'>
<Module 'test_one.py'>
<Function 'test_equal'>
<Function 'test_not_equal'>
<Module 'test_two.py'>
<Function 'test_default'>
<Function 'test_member_access'>
<Function 'test_asdict'>
<Function 'test_replace'>
======================== no tests ran in 0.09 seconds =========================
-k选项
该选项允许我们使用表达式指定希望运行的测试用例，如果某测试名是唯一的或者多个测试名的前缀或后缀相同，则可以使用这个选项来执行，如下执行结果所示：
D:\PythonPrograms\Python_Pytest\TestScripts>pytest -k "asdict or default" --collect-only
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.0.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: D:\PythonPrograms\Python_Pytest\TestScripts, inifile:
plugins: allure-adaptor-1.7.10
collected 17 items / 15 deselected
<Package 'D:\\PythonPrograms\\Python_Pytest\\TestScripts'>
<Module 'test_two.py'>
<Function 'test_default'>
<Function 'test_asdict'>
======================== 15 deselected in 0.06 seconds ========================
从执行结果中我们能看到使用-k和–collect-only组合能够查询到我们设置的参数所能执行的测试方法。
然后我们将–collect-only从命令行移出，只使用-k便可执行test_default和test_asdict了
D:\PythonPrograms\Python_Pytest\TestScripts>pytest -k "asdict or default"
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.0.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: D:\PythonPrograms\Python_Pytest\TestScripts, inifile:
plugins: allure-adaptor-1.7.10
collected 17 items / 15 deselected
test_two.py .. [100%]
=================== 2 passed, 15 deselected in 0.07 seconds ===================
如果我们在定义用例名的时候特别注意一下便可以使用-k的方式执行一系列测试用例了
-m选项
用于标记并分组，然后仅执行带有标记的用例，如此便实现了执行某个测试集合的场景，如下代码所示，给我们之前的两个测试方法添加标记
@pytest.mark.run_these_cases
def test_member_access():
"""
利用属性名来访问对象成员
:return:
"""
t = Task('buy milk', 'brian')
assert t.summary == 'buy milk'
assert t.owner == 'brian'
assert(t.done, t.id) == (False, None)
@pytest.mark.run_these_cases
def test_asdict():
"""
_asdict()返回一个字典
"""
t_task = Task('do something','okken',True, 21)
t_dict = t_task._asdict()
expected_dict = {'summary': 'do something',
'owner': 'okken',
'done': True,
'id': 21}
assert t_dict == expected_dict
执行命令：pytest -v -m run_these_cases，结果如下：
D:\PythonPrograms\Python_Pytest\TestScripts>pytest -v -m run_these_cases
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.0.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0 -- c:\python37\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: D:\PythonPrograms\Python_Pytest\TestScripts, inifile:
plugins: allure-adaptor-1.7.10
collected 17 items / 15 deselected
test_two.py::test_member_access PASSED [ 50%]
test_two.py::test_asdict PASSED [100%]
=================== 2 passed, 15 deselected in 0.07 seconds ===================
-m选项也可以用表达式指定多个标记名，例如-m “mark1 and mark2” 或者-m “mark1 and not mark2” 或者-m “mark1 or mark2”
-x选项
Pytest会运行每一个搜索到的测试用例，如果某个测试函数被断言失败，或者触发了外部异常，则该测试用例的运行就会停止，pytest将其标记为失败后继续运行一下测试用例，然而在debug的时候，我们往往希望遇到失败时立刻停止整个会话，-x选项为我们提供了该场景的支持，如下执行结果所示：
E:\Programs\Python\Python_Pytest\TestScripts>pytest -x
=============================== test session starts ==============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.3, pytest-4.5.0, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.11.0
rootdir: E:\Programs\Python\Python_Pytest\TestScripts
plugins: allure-pytest-2.6.3
collected 17 items
test_asserts.py ...F
========================FAILURES =================================================
_________________________test_add4 _____________________________________________________
def test_add4():
> assert add(17,22) >= 50
E assert 39 >= 50
E + where 39 = add(17, 22)
test_asserts.py:34: AssertionError
======================== warnings summary ====================================
c:\python37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\mark\structures.py:324
c:\python37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\mark\structures.py:324: PytestUnknownMarkWarning: Unknown pytest.mark.run_these_cases - is this a typo? You can register custom marks to avoid this warning - for details, see https://docs.pyt
est.org/en/latest/mark.html
PytestUnknownMarkWarning,
-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/warnings.html
===================== 1 failed, 3 passed, 1 warnings in 0.41 seconds ====================
在执行结果中我们可以看到实际收集的测试用例是17条，但执行了4条，通过3条失败一条，执行便停止了。
如果不适用-x选项再执行一次结果如下：
E:\Programs\Python\Python_Pytest\TestScripts>pytest --tb=no
=============================== test session starts ================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.3, pytest-4.5.0, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.11.0
rootdir: E:\Programs\Python\Python_Pytest\TestScripts
plugins: allure-pytest-2.6.3
collected 17 items
test_asserts.py ...F..F [ 41%]
test_fixture1.py .. [ 52%]
test_fixture2.py .. [ 64%]
test_one.py .F [ 76%]
test_two.py .... [100%]
============================ warnings summary =================================
c:\python37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\mark\structures.py:324
c:\python37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\mark\structures.py:324: PytestUnknownMarkWarning: Unknown pytest.mark.run_these_cases - is this a typo? You can register custom marks to avoid this warning - for details, see https://docs.pyt
est.org/en/latest/mark.html
PytestUnknownMarkWarning,
-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/warnings.html
================= 3 failed, 14 passed, 1 warnings in 0.31 seconds ========================
从执行结果中我们看到一共收集的测试用例为17条，14条通过，3条失败，使用了选项–tb=no关闭错误信息回溯，当我们只想看执行结果而不想看那么多报错信息的时候可以使用它。
–maxfail=num选项
-x是遇到失败便全局停止，如果我们想遇到失败几次再停止呢？–maxfail选项为我们提供了这个场景的支持，如下执行结果所示：
E:\Programs\Python\Python_Pytest\TestScripts>pytest --maxfail=2 --tb=no
================================ test session starts ====================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.3, pytest-4.5.0, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.11.0
rootdir: E:\Programs\Python\Python_Pytest\TestScripts
plugins: allure-pytest-2.6.3
collected 17 items
test_asserts.py ...F..F
============================= warnings summary ====================================
c:\python37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\mark\structures.py:324
c:\python37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\mark\structures.py:324: PytestUnknownMarkWarning: Unknown pytest.mark.run_these_cases - is this a typo? You can register custom marks to avoid this warning - for details, see https://docs.pyt
est.org/en/latest/mark.html
PytestUnknownMarkWarning,
-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/warnings.html
=========================== 2 failed, 5 passed, 1 warnings in 0.22 seconds ===================
从执行结果中我们看到收集了17条用例，执行了7条，当错误数量达到2的时候便停止了执行。
–tb=
命令及参数 描述
pytest --showlocals # show local variables in tracebacks
pytest -l # show local variables (shortcut)
pytest --tb=auto # (default) ‘long’ tracebacks for the first and last entry, but ‘short’ style for the other entries
pytest --tb=long # exhaustive, informative traceback formatting
pytest --tb=short # shorter traceback format
pytest --tb=line # only one line per failure
pytest --tb=native # Python standard library formatting
pytest --tb=no # no traceback at all
pytest --full-trace #causes very long traces to be printed on error (longer than --tb=long).
-v（–verbose）
-v, --verbose:increase verbosity.
-q（–quiet）
-q, --quiet:decrease verbosity.
–lf（–last-failed）
–lf, --last-failed:rerun only the tests that failed at the last run (or all if none failed)
E:\Programs\Python\Python_Pytest\TestScripts>pytest --lf --tb=no
========================== test session starts ========================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.3, pytest-4.5.0, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.11.0
rootdir: E:\Programs\Python\Python_Pytest\TestScripts
plugins: allure-pytest-2.6.3
collected 9 items / 6 deselected / 3 selected
run-last-failure: rerun previous 3 failures (skipped 7 files)
test_asserts.py FF [ 66%]
test_one.py F [100%]
======================== 3 failed, 6 deselected in 0.15 seconds ============================
–ff（–failed-first）
–ff, --failed-first :run all tests but run the last failures first. This may re-order tests and thus lead to repeated fixture setup/teardown
E:\Programs\Python\Python_Pytest\TestScripts>pytest --ff --tb=no
================================= test session starts ==================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.3, pytest-4.5.0, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.11.0
rootdir: E:\Programs\Python\Python_Pytest\TestScripts
plugins: allure-pytest-2.6.3
collected 17 items
run-last-failure: rerun previous 3 failures first
test_asserts.py FF [ 11%]
test_one.py F [ 17%]
test_asserts.py ..... [ 47%]
test_fixture1.py .. [ 58%]
test_fixture2.py .. [ 70%]
test_one.py . [ 76%]
test_two.py .... [100%]
======================== warnings summary ==========================================
c:\python37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\mark\structures.py:324
c:\python37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\mark\structures.py:324: PytestUnknownMarkWarning: Unknown pytest.mark.run_these_cases - is this a typo? You can register custom marks to avoid this warning - for details, see https://docs.pyt
est.org/en/latest/mark.html
PytestUnknownMarkWarning,
-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/warnings.html
================= 3 failed, 14 passed, 1 warnings in 0.25 seconds ==========================
-s与–capture=method
-s等同于–capture=no，执行结果如下：
command="-s 文件名::类名::测试用例名 --html=%s test.html" % report_path
pytest.main(command)
(venv) D:\Python_Pytest\TestScripts>pytest -s
============================= test session starts ============================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.3, pytest-4.0.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: D:\Python_Pytest\TestScripts, inifile:
plugins: allure-adaptor-1.7.10
collected 18 items
test_asserts.py ...F...F
test_fixture1.py
setup_module================>
setup_function------>
test_numbers_3_4
.teardown_function--->
setup_function------>
test_strings_a_3
.teardown_function--->
teardown_module=============>
test_fixture2.py
setup_class=========>
setup_method----->>
setup----->
test_numbers_5_6
.teardown-->
teardown_method-->>
setup_method----->>
setup----->
test_strings_b_2
.teardown-->
teardown_method-->>
teardown_class=========>
test_one.py .F
test_two.py ....
========================= FAILURES =============================================
_____________________________ test_add4 ______________________________________________
@pytest.mark.aaaa
def test_add4():
> assert add(17, 22) >= 50
E assert 39 >= 50
E + where 39 = add(17, 22)
test_asserts.py:36: AssertionError
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ test_not_true ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
def test_not_true():
> assert not is_prime(7)
E assert not True
E + where True = is_prime(7)
test_asserts.py:70: AssertionError
_______________________________________ test_not_equal ________________________________________________
def test_not_equal():
> assert (1, 2, 3) == (3, 2, 1)
E assert (1, 2, 3) == (3, 2, 1)
E At index 0 diff: 1 != 3
E Use -v to get the full diff
test_one.py:9: AssertionError
================================== 3 failed, 15 passed in 0.15 seconds =================================
–capture=method per-test capturing method: one of fd|sys|no.
-l（–showlocals）
-l, --showlocals show locals in tracebacks (disabled by default).
–duration=N
–durations=N show N slowest setup/test durations (N=0 for all).
绝大多数用于调优测试代码，该选项展示最慢的N个用例，等于0则表示全部倒序
(venv) D:\Python_Pytest\TestScripts>pytest --duration=5
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.3, pytest-4.0.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: D:\Python_Pytest\TestScripts, inifile:
plugins: allure-adaptor-1.7.10
collected 18 items
test_asserts.py ...F...F [ 44%]
test_fixture1.py .. [ 55%]
test_fixture2.py .. [ 66%]
test_one.py .F [ 77%]
test_two.py .... [100%]
================================== FAILURES ===================================
__________________________________ test_add4 __________________________________
@pytest.mark.aaaa
def test_add4():
> assert add(17, 22) >= 50
E assert 39 >= 50
E + where 39 = add(17, 22)
test_asserts.py:36: AssertionError
________________________________ test_not_true ________________________________
def test_not_true():
> assert not is_prime(7)
E assert not True
E + where True = is_prime(7)
test_asserts.py:70: AssertionError
_______________________________ test_not_equal ________________________________
def test_not_equal():
> assert (1, 2, 3) == (3, 2, 1)
E assert (1, 2, 3) == (3, 2, 1)
E At index 0 diff: 1 != 3
E Use -v to get the full diff
test_one.py:9: AssertionError
========================== slowest 5 test durations ===========================
0.01s call test_asserts.py::test_add4
(0.00 durations hidden. Use -vv to show these durations.)
===================== 3 failed, 15 passed in 0.27 seconds =====================
在执行结果中我们看到提示(0.00 durations hidden. Use -vv to show these durations.)，如果加上-vv，执行结果如下：
(venv) D:\Python_Pytest\TestScripts>pytest --duration=5 -vv
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.3, pytest-4.0.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0 -- c:\python37\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: D:\Python_Pytest\TestScripts, inifile:
plugins: allure-adaptor-1.7.10
collected 18 items
test_asserts.py::test_add PASSED [ 5%]
test_asserts.py::test_add2 PASSED [ 11%]
test_asserts.py::test_add3 PASSED [ 16%]
test_asserts.py::test_add4 FAILED [ 22%]
test_asserts.py::test_in PASSED [ 27%]
test_asserts.py::test_not_in PASSED [ 33%]
test_asserts.py::test_true PASSED [ 38%]
test_asserts.py::test_not_true FAILED [ 44%]
test_fixture1.py::test_numbers_3_4 PASSED [ 50%]
test_fixture1.py::test_strings_a_3 PASSED [ 55%]
test_fixture2.py::TestUM::test_numbers_5_6 PASSED [ 61%]
test_fixture2.py::TestUM::test_strings_b_2 PASSED [ 66%]
test_one.py::test_equal PASSED [ 72%]
test_one.py::test_not_equal FAILED [ 77%]
test_two.py::test_default PASSED [ 83%]
test_two.py::test_member_access PASSED [ 88%]
test_two.py::test_asdict PASSED [ 94%]
test_two.py::test_replace PASSED [100%]
================================== FAILURES ===================================
__________________________________ test_add4 __________________________________
@pytest.mark.aaaa
def test_add4():
> assert add(17, 22) >= 50
E assert 39 >= 50
E + where 39 = add(17, 22)
test_asserts.py:36: AssertionError
________________________________ test_not_true ________________________________
def test_not_true():
> assert not is_prime(7)
E assert not True
E + where True = is_prime(7)
test_asserts.py:70: AssertionError
_______________________________ test_not_equal ________________________________
def test_not_equal():
> assert (1, 2, 3) == (3, 2, 1)
E assert (1, 2, 3) == (3, 2, 1)
E At index 0 diff: 1 != 3
E Full diff:
E - (1, 2, 3)
E ? ^ ^
E + (3, 2, 1)
E ? ^ ^
test_one.py:9: AssertionError
========================== slowest 5 test durations ===========================
0.00s setup test_one.py::test_not_equal
0.00s setup test_fixture1.py::test_strings_a_3
0.00s setup test_asserts.py::test_add3
0.00s call test_fixture2.py::TestUM::test_strings_b_2
0.00s call test_asserts.py::test_in
===================== 3 failed, 15 passed in 0.16 seconds =====================
-r 生成一个简短的概述报告，同时配合-r还可以使用
Option Description
f failed
E error
s skipped
x xfailed
X xpassed
p passed
P passed with output
a all except pP
A all
例如只想看失败的和跳过的测试，可以这样执行
(venv) E:\Python_Pytest\TestScripts>pytest -rfs
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.3, pytest-4.0.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: E:\Python_Pytest\TestScripts, inifile:
plugins: allure-adaptor-1.7.10
collected 18 items
test_asserts.py ...F...F [ 44%]
test_fixture1.py .. [ 55%]
test_fixture2.py .. [ 66%]
test_one.py .F [ 77%]
test_two.py .... [100%]
================================== FAILURES ===================================
__________________________________ test_add4 __________________________________
@pytest.mark.aaaa
def test_add4():
> assert add(17, 22) >= 50
E assert 39 >= 50
E + where 39 = add(17, 22)
test_asserts.py:36: AssertionError
________________________________ test_not_true ________________________________
def test_not_true():
> assert not is_prime(7)
E assert not True
E + where True = is_prime(7)
test_asserts.py:70: AssertionError
_______________________________ test_not_equal ________________________________
def test_not_equal():
> assert (1, 2, 3) == (3, 2, 1)
E assert (1, 2, 3) == (3, 2, 1)
E At index 0 diff: 1 != 3
E Use -v to get the full diff
test_one.py:9: AssertionError
=========================== short test summary info ===========================
FAIL test_asserts.py::test_add4
FAIL test_asserts.py::test_not_true
FAIL test_one.py::test_not_equal
===================== 3 failed, 15 passed in 0.10 seconds =====================
pytest --help 获取更多参数
在命令行输入pytest --help 然后执行结果如下，在打印出来的结果中我们能够看到pytest命令的使用方式usage: pytest [options] [file_or_dir] [file_or_dir] […]以及一系列的执行方式（options）及其描述。
C:\Users\Administrator>pytest --help
usage: pytest [options] [file_or_dir] [file_or_dir] [...]
positional arguments:
file_or_dir
general:
-k EXPRESSION only run tests which match the given substring
expression. An expression is a python evaluatable
expression where all names are substring-matched
against test names and their parent classes. Example:
-k 'test_method or test_other' matches all test
functions and classes whose name contains
'test_method' or 'test_other', while -k 'not
test_method' matches those that don't contain
'test_method' in their names. Additionally keywords
are matched to classes and functions containing extra
names in their 'extra_keyword_matches' set, as well as
functions which have names assigned directly to them.
-m MARKEXPR only run tests matching given mark expression.
example: -m 'mark1 and not mark2'.
--markers show markers (builtin, plugin and per-project ones).
-x, --exitfirst exit instantly on first error or failed test.
--maxfail=num exit after first num failures or errors.
--strict marks not registered in configuration file raise
errors.
-c file load configuration from `file` instead of trying to
locate one of the implicit configuration files.
--continue-on-collection-errors
Force test execution even if collection errors occur.
--rootdir=ROOTDIR Define root directory for tests. Can be relative path:
'root_dir', './root_dir', 'root_dir/another_dir/';
absolute path: '/home/user/root_dir'; path with
variables: '$HOME/root_dir'.
--fixtures, --funcargs
show available fixtures, sorted by plugin appearance
(fixtures with leading '_' are only shown with '-v')
--fixtures-per-test show fixtures per test
--import-mode={prepend,append}
prepend/append to sys.path when importing test
modules, default is to prepend.
--pdb start the interactive Python debugger on errors or
KeyboardInterrupt.
--pdbcls=modulename:classname
start a custom interactive Python debugger on errors.
For example:
--pdbcls=IPython.terminal.debugger:TerminalPdb
--trace Immediately break when running each test.
--capture=method per-test capturing method: one of fd|sys|no.
-s shortcut for --capture=no.
--runxfail run tests even if they are marked xfail
--lf, --last-failed rerun only the tests that failed at the last run (or
all if none failed)
--ff, --failed-first run all tests but run the last failures first. This
may re-order tests and thus lead to repeated fixture
setup/teardown
--nf, --new-first run tests from new files first, then the rest of the
tests sorted by file mtime
--cache-show show cache contents, don't perform collection or tests
--cache-clear remove all cache contents at start of test run.
--lfnf={all,none}, --last-failed-no-failures={all,none}
change the behavior when no test failed in the last
run or no information about the last failures was
found in the cache
--sw, --stepwise exit on test fail and continue from last failing test
next time
--stepwise-skip ignore the first failing test but stop on the next
failing test
--allure_severities=SEVERITIES_SET
Comma-separated list of severity names. Tests only
with these severities will be run. Possible values
are:blocker, critical, minor, normal, trivial.
--allure_features=FEATURES_SET
Comma-separated list of feature names. Run tests that
have at least one of the specified feature labels.
--allure_stories=STORIES_SET
Comma-separated list of story names. Run tests that
have at least one of the specified story labels.
reporting:
-v, --verbose increase verbosity.
-q, --quiet decrease verbosity.
--verbosity=VERBOSE set verbosity
-r chars show extra test summary info as specified by chars
(f)ailed, (E)error, (s)skipped, (x)failed, (X)passed,
(p)passed, (P)passed with output, (a)all except pP.
Warnings are displayed at all times except when
--disable-warnings is set
--disable-warnings, --disable-pytest-warnings
disable warnings summary
-l, --showlocals show locals in tracebacks (disabled by default).
--tb=style traceback print mode (auto/long/short/line/native/no).
--show-capture={no,stdout,stderr,log,all}
Controls how captured stdout/stderr/log is shown on
failed tests. Default is 'all'.
--full-trace don't cut any tracebacks (default is to cut).
--color=color color terminal output (yes/no/auto).
--durations=N show N slowest setup/test durations (N=0 for all).
--pastebin=mode send failed|all info to bpaste.net pastebin service.
--junit-xml=path create junit-xml style report file at given path.
--junit-prefix=str prepend prefix to classnames in junit-xml output
--result-log=path DEPRECATED path for machine-readable result log.
collection:
--collect-only only collect tests, don't execute them.
--pyargs try to interpret all arguments as python packages.
--ignore=path ignore path during collection (multi-allowed).
--deselect=nodeid_prefix
deselect item during collection (multi-allowed).
--confcutdir=dir only load conftest.py's relative to specified dir.
--noconftest Don't load any conftest.py files.
--keep-duplicates Keep duplicate tests.
--collect-in-virtualenv
Don't ignore tests in a local virtualenv directory
--doctest-modules run doctests in all .py modules
--doctest-report={none,cdiff,ndiff,udiff,only_first_failure}
choose another output format for diffs on doctest
failure
--doctest-glob=pat doctests file matching pattern, default: test*.txt
--doctest-ignore-import-errors
ignore doctest ImportErrors
--doctest-continue-on-failure
for a given doctest, continue to run after the first
failure
test session debugging and configuration:
--basetemp=dir base temporary directory for this test run.(warning:
this directory is removed if it exists)
--version display pytest lib version and import information.
-h, --help show help message and configuration info
-p name early-load given plugin (multi-allowed). To avoid
loading of plugins, use the `no:` prefix, e.g.
`no:doctest`.
--trace-config trace considerations of conftest.py files.
--debug store internal tracing debug information in
'pytestdebug.log'.
-o OVERRIDE_INI, --override-ini=OVERRIDE_INI
override ini option with "option=value" style, e.g.
`-o xfail_strict=True -o cache_dir=cache`.
--assert=MODE Control assertion debugging tools. 'plain' performs no
assertion debugging. 'rewrite' (the default) rewrites
assert statements in test modules on import to provide
assert expression information.
--setup-only only setup fixtures, do not execute tests.
--setup-show show setup of fixtures while executing tests.
--setup-plan show what fixtures and tests would be executed but
don't execute anything.
pytest-warnings:
-W PYTHONWARNINGS, --pythonwarnings=PYTHONWARNINGS
set which warnings to report, see -W option of python
itself.
logging:
--no-print-logs disable printing caught logs on failed tests.
--log-level=LOG_LEVEL
logging level used by the logging module
--log-format=LOG_FORMAT
log format as used by the logging module.
--log-date-format=LOG_DATE_FORMAT
log date format as used by the logging module.
--log-cli-level=LOG_CLI_LEVEL
cli logging level.
--log-cli-format=LOG_CLI_FORMAT
log format as used by the logging module.
--log-cli-date-format=LOG_CLI_DATE_FORMAT
log date format as used by the logging module.
--log-file=LOG_FILE path to a file when logging will be written to.
--log-file-level=LOG_FILE_LEVEL
log file logging level.
--log-file-format=LOG_FILE_FORMAT
log format as used by the logging module.
--log-file-date-format=LOG_FILE_DATE_FORMAT
log date format as used by the logging module.
reporting:
--alluredir=DIR Generate Allure report in the specified directory (may
not exist)
---------------------
原文：https://blog.csdn.net/dawei_yang000000/article/details/93380552
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