MySQL 案例实战--修改 MySQL 数据库的登录密码

前言

本环境是基于 Centos 7.8 系统构建MySQL-5.7.14
具体构建，请参考 MySQL-5.7.14 环境构建

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一、登录数据库

MySQL基础操作：
1、启动/关闭：systemctl start/stop mysqld.service
2、登录与退出
1）mysql命令行
mysql -u用户 -p密码 -h IP地址 -D数据库名 -P端口

注意：-p密码 不能有空格，密码有特殊字符，需要用单引号括起来。
2) 退出
\q
quit
exit

登录据库

#获取初始密码
[root@mysql-server ~]#  awk '/temporary password/ {print $NF}' /var/log/mysqld.log 
O/Q-owypP9xl
#登录数据库
[root@mysql-server ~]# mysql -uroot -pO/Q-owypP9xl -h localhost -D test -P 3306
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1049 (42000): Unknown database 'test'
[root@mysql-server ~]# mysql -uroot -pO/Q-owypP9xl -h localhost -D mysql -P 3306
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.14

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 
mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'ABCabc123!';
 mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.7.14    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>

二、修改密码

1、命令行修改

空密码修改

[root@mysql-server ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password '123abcABC!'

非空密码修改

[root@mysql-server ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'ABCabc123!' password '123abcABC!'

2、alter user 方式修改

mysql>  alter user root@localhost identified by 'abcABC123!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

3、set password for 方式修改

mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' = 'abc123ABC!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

4、更新用户表 mysql.user 方式修改

mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('123abcABC!!')
    -> where user='root' and host='localhost';
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.10 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

三、重置密码

#跳过权限表
[root@mysql-server ~]# mysqld --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables
#登录数据库，修改密码
[root@mysql-server ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.14 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'ABCabc123!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

#停止数据库
[root@mysql-server ~]# killall mysqld
#启动服务
[root@mysql-server ~]# systemctl start mysqld

#登录成功
[root@mysql-server ~]# mysql -u root -p'ABCabc123!'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.14 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>