一、ServletConfig讲解
1.1、配置Servlet初始化参数
在Servlet的配置文件web.xml中,可以使用一个或多个<init-param>标签为servlet配置一些初始化参数。
<servlet>
<description>This is the description of my J2EE component</description>
<display-name>This is the display name of my J2EE component</display-name>
<servlet-name>demoServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>demo.cha.servlet.demoServlet</servlet-class>
<!--配置ServletConfigDemo1的初始化参数 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>name</param-name>
<param-value>cha</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>password</param-name>
<param-value>123456</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>charset</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
1.2、通过ServletConfig获取Servlet的初始化参数
当servlet配置了初始化参数后,web容器在创建servlet实例对象时,会自动将这些初始化参数封装到ServletConfig对象中,并在调用servlet的init方法时,将ServletConfig对象传递给servlet。进而,我们通过ServletConfig对象就可以得到当前servlet的初始化参数信息。
public class demoServlet extends HttpServlet {
/**
* 定义ServletConfig对象来接收配置的初始化参数
*/
private ServletConfig config;
/**
* 当servlet配置了初始化参数后,web容器在创建servlet实例对象时,
* 会自动将这些初始化参数封装到ServletConfig对象中,并在调用servlet的init方法时,
* 将ServletConfig对象传递给servlet。进而,程序员通过ServletConfig对象就可以
* 得到当前servlet的初始化参数信息。
*/
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
this.config = config;
}
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取在web.xml中配置的初始化参数
String paramVal = this.config.getInitParameter("name");//获取指定的初始化参数
response.getWriter().print(paramVal);
response.getWriter().print("<hr/>");
//获取所有的初始化参数
Enumeration<String> e = config.getInitParameterNames();
while(e.hasMoreElements()){
String name = e.nextElement();
String value = config.getInitParameter(name);
response.getWriter().print(name + "=" + value + "<br/>");
}
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
测试下结果:
二、ServletContext对象
WEB容器在启动时,它会为每个WEB应用程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象,它代表当前web应用。
ServletConfig对象中维护了ServletContext对象的引用,开发人员在编写servlet时,可以通过ServletConfig.getServletContext方法获得ServletContext对象。
由于一个WEB应用中的所有Servlet共享同一个ServletContext对象,因此Servlet对象之间可以通过ServletContext对象来实现通讯。ServletContext对象通常也被称之为context域对象。
三、ServletContext的应用
3.1、多个Servlet通过ServletContext对象实现数据共享
范例:demoServlet1和demoServlet2通过ServletContext对象实现数据共享
public class demoServlet1 extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String data = "cha_199X";
/**
* ServletConfig对象中维护了ServletContext对象的引用,开发人员在编写servlet时,
* 可以通过ServletConfig.getServletContext方法获得ServletContext对象。
*/
ServletContext context = this.getServletConfig().getServletContext();//获得ServletContext对象
context.setAttribute("data", data); //将data存储到ServletContext对象中
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
public class demoServlet2 extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
String data = (String) context.getAttribute("data");//从ServletContext对象中取出数据
response.getWriter().print("data="+data);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
先运行demoServlet1,将数据data存储到ServletContext对象中,然后运行demoServlet2就可以从ServletContext对象中取出数据了,这样就实现了数据共享
如下图所示:
3.2、获取WEB应用的初始化参数
在web.xml文件中使用<context-param>标签配置WEB应用的初始化参数,如下所示:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
<display-name></display-name>
<!-- 配置WEB应用的初始化参数 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>url</param-name>
<param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</param-value>
</context-param>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
获取Web应用的初始化参数,代码如下:
public class demoServlet3 extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
//获取整个web站点的初始化参数
String contextInitParam = context.getInitParameter("url");
response.getWriter().print(contextInitParam);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
测试下结果:
3.3、用servletContext实现请求转发
public class demoServlet4 extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String data = "<h1><font color='red'>cha_199X</font></h1>";
response.getOutputStream().write(data.getBytes());
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();//获取ServletContext对象
RequestDispatcher rd = context.getRequestDispatcher("/servlet/demoServlet5");//获取请求转发对象(RequestDispatcher)
rd.forward(request, response);//调用forward方法实现请求转发
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}
public class demoServlet5 extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.getOutputStream().write("servletDemo5".getBytes());
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
测试下结果:
访问的是demoServlet4,浏览器显示的却是demoServlet5的内容,这就是使用ServletContext实现了请求转发
3.4、利用ServletContext对象读取资源文件
public class demoServlet6 extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
/**
* response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");目的是控制浏览器用UTF-8进行解码;
* 这样就不会出现中文乱码了
*/
response.setHeader("content-type","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
readSrcDirPropCfgFile(response);//读取src目录下的properties配置文件
response.getWriter().println("<hr/>");
readWebRootDirPropCfgFile(response);//读取WebRoot目录下的properties配置文件
response.getWriter().println("<hr/>");
readPropCfgFile(response);//读取src目录下的db.config包中的db3.properties配置文件
response.getWriter().println("<hr/>");
readPropCfgFile2(response);//读取src目录下的gacl.servlet.study包中的db4.properties配置文件
}
/**
* 读取src目录下的demo.cha.servlet包中的db4.properties配置文件
* @param response
* @throws IOException
*/
private void readPropCfgFile2(HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException {
InputStream in = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/demo/cha/servlet/db.properties");
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(in);
String driver = prop.getProperty("driver");
String url = prop.getProperty("url");
String username = prop.getProperty("username");
String password = prop.getProperty("password");
response.getWriter().println("读取src目录下的demo.cha.servlet包中的db.properties配置文件:");
response.getWriter().println(
MessageFormat.format(
"driver={0},url={1},username={2},password={3}",
driver,url, username, password));
}
/**
* 读取src目录下的db.config包中的db.properties配置文件
* @param response
* @throws FileNotFoundException
* @throws IOException
*/
private void readPropCfgFile(HttpServletResponse response)
throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
//通过ServletContext获取web资源的绝对路径
String path = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/db/config/db.properties");
InputStream in = new FileInputStream(path);
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(in);
String driver = prop.getProperty("driver");
String url = prop.getProperty("url");
String username = prop.getProperty("username");
String password = prop.getProperty("password");
response.getWriter().println("读取src目录下的db.config包中的db.properties配置文件:");
response.getWriter().println(
MessageFormat.format(
"driver={0},url={1},username={2},password={3}",
driver,url, username, password));
}
/**
* 通过ServletContext对象读取WebRoot目录下的properties配置文件
* @param response
* @throws IOException
*/
private void readWebRootDirPropCfgFile(HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException {
/**
* 通过ServletContext对象读取WebRoot目录下的properties配置文件
* “/”代表的是项目根目录
*/
InputStream in = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/db.properties");
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(in);
String driver = prop.getProperty("driver");
String url = prop.getProperty("url");
String username = prop.getProperty("username");
String password = prop.getProperty("password");
response.getWriter().println("读取WebRoot目录下的db.properties配置文件:");
response.getWriter().print(
MessageFormat.format(
"driver={0},url={1},username={2},password={3}",
driver,url, username, password));
}
/**
* 通过ServletContext对象读取src目录下的properties配置文件
* @param response
* @throws IOException
*/
private void readSrcDirPropCfgFile(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
/**
* 通过ServletContext对象读取src目录下的db1.properties配置文件
*/
InputStream in = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(in);
String driver = prop.getProperty("driver");
String url = prop.getProperty("url");
String username = prop.getProperty("username");
String password = prop.getProperty("password");
response.getWriter().println("读取src目录下的db.properties配置文件:");
response.getWriter().println(
MessageFormat.format(
"driver={0},url={1},username={2},password={3}",
driver,url, username, password));
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
测试下结果:
四、原博文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/xdp-gacl/p/3763559.html