文件上传(图片上传)
前端:Vue3 + element-plus
后端:express
前端
封装一个 Upload 组件和一个 upload 方法。
Upload 组件
<!-- auto-upload 选择好图片后立刻自动上传后端还是手动点击某按钮上传后端 -->
<el-upload
class="avatar-uploader"
action="https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/"
:show-file-list="false"
:auto-upload="false"
:on-change="handleUpload"
>
<img
v-if="props.avatar"
:src="uploadAvatarUrl"
class="avatar"
/>
<el-icon
v-else
class="avatar-uploader-icon"
>
<Plus />
</el-icon>
</el-upload>
</template>
<script setup>
import { Plus } from '@element-plus/icons-vue'
import { computed } from 'vue'
const props = defineProps({
avatar: String
})
const emit = defineEmits(['handle'])
// 每次选择完图片之后的回调,file是文件信息,file.raw是原生文件对象
const handleUpload = (file) => {
emit('handle', file.raw)
}
const uploadAvatarUrl = computed(() => {
return props.avatar.includes('blob') ? props.avatar : 'http://localhost:3000' + props.avatar
})
</script>
<style scoped lang="scss">
// 由于 scoped 属性,局部作用域,所以需要通过 ::v-deep 操作符来深层设置嵌套样式
::v-deep .el-upload {
border: 1px dashed #d9d9d9;
border-radius: 6px;
cursor: pointer;
position: relative;
overflow: hidden;
transition: var(--el-transition-duration-fast);
}
::v-deep .el-upload:hover {
border-color: var(--el-color-primary);
}
::v-deep .el-icon.avatar-uploader-icon {
font-size: 28px;
color: #8c939d;
width: 178px;
height: 178px;
text-align: center;
}
.avatar {
width: 178px;
height: 178px;
}
</style>
Upload 方法
import axios from "axios"
const upload = (path, userForm) => {
// console.log('submit', userForm)
// 上传文件需要转化为 FormData 的格式
const params = new FormData()
for (let item in userForm) {
params.append(item, userForm[item])
}
return axios.post(path, params, {
// FormData 文件上传的请求头
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data'
}
}).then(res=>res.data)
}
export default upload
<UploadAvatar
:avatar="userForm.avatar"
@handle="handleUpload"
></UploadAvatar>
// ...
const userForm = reactive({
username,
gender,
introduction,
// avatar 和 file 都是代表的用户头像 avatar 用于前端用户回显,file 用户提交后端
avatar,
file: null
});
// 每次选择完图片之后的回调
const handleUpload = (file) => {
userForm.avatar = URL.createObjectURL(file);
userForm.file = file;
}
// 提交个人信息表单
const submitForm = () => {
userFormRef.value.validate(async (valid) => {
if (valid) {
const res = await upload('/adminapi/user/upload', userForm)
if (res.ActionType === 'OK') {
store.commit('changeUserInfo', res.data)
ElMessage.success('更新成功')
}
}
});
}
// ...
后端
const express = require('express');
const UserRouter = express.Router();
const UserController = require('../../controllers/admin/UserController')
// multer 中间件用于处理 form-data 数据(文件上传)
const multer = require('multer')
const upload = multer({ dest: 'public/avataruploads/' })
UserRouter.post('/adminapi/user/login', UserController.login)
UserRouter.post('/adminapi/user/upload', upload.single('file'), UserController.upload)
module.exports = UserRouter;
upload: async (req, res) => {
// console.log(req.body,req.file)
const { username, introduction, gender } = req.body
const token = req.headers['authorization'].split(' ')[1]
const payload = JWT.verify(token)
const avatar = req.file ? `/avataruploads/${req.file.filename}` : ''
await UserService.upload({ _id: payload._id, username, introduction, gender: Number(gender), avatar })
if (avatar) {
res.send({
ActionType: 'OK',
data: {
username,
gender: Number(gender),
introduction,
avatar,
}
})
} else {
res.send({
ActionType: 'OK',
data: {
username,
gender: Number(gender),
introduction,
}
})
}
}
upload: async ({ _id,username, introduction,gender,avatar }) => {
if(avatar) {
return UserModel.updateOne({
_id
}, {
username,
introduction,
gender,
avatar
})
} else {
return UserModel.updateOne({
_id
}, {
username,
introduction,
gender
})
}
}
总结
用户头像文件上传流程:
- 先计算原本有没有图片,有则展示原图片的 url,没有则展示 icon
- 点击上传组件从本地选取图片,单个图片上传可以控制选取后自动上传和之后手动上传
- 当统一手动上传时,选择完图片之后将选择的图片file文件转换为URL地址进行前端页面的回显,并将其原本file格式的文件赋值给form表单内容对象,不修改头像默认使用原图片的 url
- 将form表单内容对象转化为 FormData 的格式,并设置 FormData 请求头,作为参数传递给后端
- 后端 multer 中间件用于处理 form-data 数据(文件上传)
- 将图片文件存入后端静态资源文件
- 数据响应,如果没有图片的更改即不传递图片文件数据给前端(如果传递则为空,会覆盖页面原本存在的头像url),这样前端默认使用已存在的blob文件