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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-06 16:52:48 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-06 16:52:48 发布

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假如我的/data目录磁盘空间快满了，应该怎么扩容呢？这里用到了lvm.

LVM是Linux环境中对磁盘分区进行管理的一种机制，是建立在硬盘和分区之上、文件系统之下的一个逻辑层，可提高磁盘分区管理的灵活性。RHEL5默认安装的分区格式就是LVM逻辑卷的格式，需要注意的是/boot分区不能基于LVM创建，必须独立出来。

一：添加一块儿硬盘

右击虚拟机-设置-‘添加’

看到新添加的磁盘：

重启虚拟机

二：创建分区

查看磁盘分区情况，看到了我们新增的/dev/sdb

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000c6b7d
 
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks  Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          39      307200  83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              39        2358   18631680   83  Linux
/dev/sda3            2358        2611    2031616   82  Linux swap / Solaris
 
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Device contains neither a valid DOSpartition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with diskidentifier 0x91872026.
Changes will remain in memory only, untilyou decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous contentwon't be recoverable.
 
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partitiontable 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
 
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated.It's strongly recommended to
        switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
        sectors (command 'u').
 
Command (m for help): m
Command action
  a   toggle a bootable flag
  b   edit bsd disklabel
  c   toggle the dos compatibilityflag
  d   delete a partition
  l   list known partition types
  m   print this menu
  n   add a new partition
  o   create a new empty DOSpartition table
  p   print the partition table
  q   quit without saving changes
  s   create a new empty Sundisklabel
  t   change a partition's system id
  u   change display/entry units
  v   verify the partition table
  w   write table to disk and exit
  x   extra functionality (expertsonly)
 
Command (m for help): n
Command action
  e   extended
  p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G}(1-2610, default 2610): （回车，默认将所有空间分配给第一个主分区）
Using default value 2610
 
Command (m for help): t （修改磁盘格式为LVM）
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e(Linux LVM)
 
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
 
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes /512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000c6b7d
 
  Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks  Id  System
/dev/sda1  *           1         39      307200   83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinderboundary.
/dev/sda2              39        2358   18631680   83  Linux
/dev/sda3            2358        2611    2031616   82  Linux swap / Solaris
 
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes /512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytes
Disk identifier: 0x91872026
 
  Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks  Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1        2610   20964793+  8e  Linux LVM

三：创建物理卷

将新创建的主分区创建为物理卷

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
 Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
 PV         VG   Fmt Attr PSize  PFree
 /dev/sdb1       lvm2 a--  19.99g 19.99g
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay
 "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "19.99 GiB"
  ---NEW Physical volume ---
  PVName               /dev/sdb1
  VGName              
  PVSize               19.99 GiB
 Allocatable           NO
  PESize               0  
 Total PE              0
 Free PE               0
 Allocated PE          0
  PVUUID              cnHu1a-PvGm-KFuQ-DkgP-Lcte-ra3z-lei7NB

四：扩展逻辑卷

df命令查看自己的/目录属于哪个逻辑卷（我们要做的是对逻辑卷扩展）

[root@localhost download]# df-h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2 18G 4.1G 13G 25% /

tmpfs 491M 232K 491M 1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 291M 34M 242M 13% /boot

这里根本没有创建逻辑卷。所以，需要先创建逻辑卷，在创建逻辑卷前，也要先创建卷组。

如果机器上已经有逻辑卷了，请直接参考步骤五。

4.1 创建卷组

创建卷组 vgdata ,并将刚才创建好的物理卷加入该卷组.

[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vgdata/dev/sdb1
 Volume group "vgdata" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
 VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize VFree
 vgdata   1   0   0wz--n- 19.99g 19.99g
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
  ---Volume group ---
  VGName               vgdata
 System ID            
 Format                lvm2
 Metadata Areas        1
 Metadata Sequence No  1
  VGAccess             read/write
  VGStatus             resizable
  MAXLV                0
  CurLV                0
 Open LV               0
  MaxPV                0
  CurPV                1
  ActPV                1
  VGSize               19.99 GiB
  PESize               4.00 MiB
 Total PE              5118
 Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0  
 Free  PE / Size       5118 / 19.99 GiB
  VGUUID              LYynzk-qyDQ-stg3-QOkA-eckl-nDNf-CPxEl9

4.2 创建逻辑卷

[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 19G -nlvdata1 vgdata
 Logical volume "lvdata1" created
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay
  ---Logical volume ---
  LVPath                /dev/vgdata/lvdata1
  LVName                lvdata1
  VGName                vgdata
  LVUUID                IzeCPz-4upw-i9ov-qtnf-h5x1-tLQF-22sKFm
  LVWrite Access        read/write
  LVCreation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2016-06-11 22:57:28 -0700
  LVStatus              available
  #open                 0
  LVSize                19.00 GiB
 Current LE             4864
 Segments               1
 Allocation             inherit
 Read ahead sectors     auto
  -currently set to     256
 Block device           253:0

4.3 创建文件系统

使用mkfs.ext4命令在逻辑卷lvdata1上创建ext4文件系统

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vgdata/lvdata1

创建好之后,会在/dev/mapper/生成一个软连接名字为”卷组-逻辑卷”

[root@localhost ~]# cd /dev/mapper

[root@localhost mapper]# ll

total 0

crw-rw----. 1 root root 10, 58 Jun 11 22:30control

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Jun 11 22:59 vgdata-lvdata1 ->../dm-0

4.4 挂载

现在/data下是空的，会把之前/data下面的文件全部覆盖掉了。所以创建逻辑卷，文件系统等一定得在最先做。现在只能新建一个目录/data_new，然后挂载到该新目录，然后把/data下的东西迁移到新目录下……

将创建好的文件系统挂载到/data_new上.

[root@localhost download]# mount -t ext4/dev/vgdata/lvdata1 /data_new

[root@localhost download]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2 18G 4.1G 13G 25% /

tmpfs 491M 72K 491M 1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 291M 34M 242M 13% /boot

/dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata1 19G 172M 18G 1% /data_new

4.5 设置开机自动挂载

需要将创建好的文件系统挂载信息添加到/etc/fstab里面

.UUID可以通过 blkid命令查询.

[root@localhost ~]# blkid

/dev/sda1:UUID="8ea5fb6c-af7c-44fc-a02d-3a3d95134547" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda2:UUID="cc295a02-7d63-43a2-98d0-99e9ac0cd8a7" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda3:UUID="22e285a9-bac6-4874-9cca-506ea5f24e73" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdb1:UUID="cnHu1a-PvGm-KFuQ-DkgP-Lcte-ra3z-lei7NB"TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata1:UUID="88768e4c-e5df-4bf7-a020-428559ee2daf" TYPE="ext4"

添加：UUID=88768e4c-e5df-4bf7-a020-428559ee2daf /data_new ext4 defaults 0 0