乐优商城学习笔记二十三-用户注册（二）

5.发送短信功能

短信微服务已经准备好，我们就可以继续编写用户中心接口了。

5.1.接口说明

这里的业务逻辑是这样的：

• 1）我们接收页面发送来的手机号码
• 2）生成一个随机验证码
• 3）将验证码保存在服务端
• 4）发送短信，将验证码发送到用户手机

那么问题来了：验证码保存在哪里呢？

验证码有一定有效期，一般是5分钟，我们可以利用Redis的过期机制来保存。

5.2.Redis

5.2.2.Spring Data Redis

官网：http://projects.spring.io/spring-data-redis/

Spring Data Redis，是Spring Data 家族的一部分。 对Jedis客户端进行了封装，与spring进行了整合。可以非常方便的来实现redis的配置和操作。

5.2.3.RedisTemplate基本操作

Spring Data Redis 提供了一个工具类：RedisTemplate。里面封装了对于Redis的五种数据结构的各种操作，包括：

• redisTemplate.opsForValue() ：操作字符串
• redisTemplate.opsForHash() ：操作hash
• redisTemplate.opsForList()：操作list
• redisTemplate.opsForSet()：操作set
• redisTemplate.opsForZSet()：操作zset

其它一些通用命令，如expire，可以通过redisTemplate.xx()来直接调用

5种结构：

• String：等同于java中的，Map<String,String>
• list：等同于java中的Map<String,List<String>>
• set：等同于java中的Map<String,Set<String>>
• sort_set：可排序的set
• hash：等同于java中的：`Map<String,Map<String,String>>

5.2.4.StringRedisTemplate

RedisTemplate在创建时，可以指定其泛型类型：

• K：代表key 的数据类型
• V: 代表value的数据类型

注意：这里的类型不是Redis中存储的数据类型，而是Java中的数据类型，RedisTemplate会自动将Java类型转为Redis支持的数据类型：字符串、字节、二二进制等等。

不过RedisTemplate默认会采用JDK自带的序列化（Serialize）来对对象进行转换。生成的数据十分庞大，因此一般我们都会指定key和value为String类型，这样就由我们自己把对象序列化为json字符串来存储即可。

因为大部分情况下，我们都会使用key和value都为String的RedisTemplate，因此Spring就默认提供了这样一个实现：

5.2.5.测试

我们在项目中编写一个测试案例：

首先在项目中引入Redis启动器：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>

    
    

    
    
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然后在配置文件中指定Redis地址：

spring:
  redis:
    host: 192.168.56.101

    
    

    
    
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然后就可以直接注入StringRedisTemplate对象了：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = LyUserService.class)
public class RedisTest {
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Autowired</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Test</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">testRedis</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 存储数据</span>
    <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>redisTemplate<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">opsForValue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"key1"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"value1"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 获取数据</span>
    String val <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>redisTemplate<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">opsForValue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"key1"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"val = "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> val<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Test</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">testRedis2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 存储数据，并指定剩余生命时间,5小时</span>
    <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>redisTemplate<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">opsForValue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"key2"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"value2"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TimeUnit<span class="token punctuation">.</span>HOURS<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Test</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">testHash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    BoundHashOperations<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Object<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Object<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> hashOps <span class="token operator">=</span>
            <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>redisTemplate<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">boundHashOps</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"user"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 操作hash数据</span>
    hashOps<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">put</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"name"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"jack"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    hashOps<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">put</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"age"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"21"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 获取单个数据</span>
    Object name <span class="token operator">=</span> hashOps<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"name"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"name = "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 获取所有数据</span>
    Map<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>Object<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Object<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> map <span class="token operator">=</span> hashOps<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">entries</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Map<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Entry<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>Object<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Object<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> me <span class="token operator">:</span> map<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">entrySet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>me<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getKey</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">" : "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> me<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getValue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

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5.3.controller

/**
 * 发送手机验证码
 * @param phone
 * @return
 */
@PostMapping("code")
public ResponseEntity<Void> sendVerifyCode(String phone) {
    Boolean boo = this.userService.sendVerifyCode(phone);
    if (boo == null || !boo) {
        return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
    }
    return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.CREATED);
}

 
 

 
 
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5.4.service

这里的逻辑会稍微复杂：

• 生成随机验证码
• 将验证码保存到Redis中，用来在注册的时候验证
• 发送验证码到ly-sms-service服务，发送短信

因此，我们需要引入Redis和AMQP：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

 
 

 
 
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添加RabbitMQ和Redis配置：

spring:
  redis:
    host: 192.168.56.101
  rabbitmq:
    host: 192.168.56.101
    username: leyou
    password: leyou
    virtual-host: /leyou
    template:
      retry:
        enabled: true
        initial-interval: 10000ms
        max-interval: 210000ms
        multiplier: 2
    publisher-confirms: true

 
 

 
 
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另外还要用到工具类，生成6位随机码，这个我们封装到了ly-common中，因此需要引入依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.leyou.common</groupId>
    <artifactId>ly-common</artifactId>
    <version>${leyou.latest.version}</version>
</dependency>

 
 

 
 
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生成随机码的工具：

/**
 * 生成指定位数的随机数字
 * @param len 随机数的位数
 * @return 生成的随机数
 */
public static String generateCode(int len){
    len = Math.min(len, 8);
    int min = Double.valueOf(Math.pow(10, len - 1)).intValue();
    int num = new Random().nextInt(
        Double.valueOf(Math.pow(10, len + 1)).intValue() - 1) + min;
    return String.valueOf(num).substring(0,len);
}

 
 

 
 
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Service代码：

@Autowired
private StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;

@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;

static final String KEY_PREFIX = “user:code☎️”;

static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserService.class);

public Boolean sendVerifyCode(String phone) {
// 生成验证码
String code = NumberUtils.generateCode(6);
try {
// 发送短信
Map<String, String> msg = new HashMap<>();
msg.put(“phone”, phone);
msg.put(“code”, code);
this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(“ly.sms.exchange”, “sms.verify.code”, msg);
// 将code存入redis
this.redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(KEY_PREFIX + phone, code, 5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error(“发送短信失败。phone：{}， code：{}”, phone, code);
return false;
}
}

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注意：要设置短信验证码在Redis的缓存时间为5分钟

5.5.测试

通过RestClient发送请求试试：

查看Redis中的数据：

查看短信：

6.注册功能

6.1.接口说明

6.2.controller

/**
 * 注册
 * @param user
 * @param code
 * @return
 */
@PostMapping("register")
public ResponseEntity<Void> register(User user, @RequestParam("code") String code) {
    Boolean boo = this.userService.register(user, code);
    if (boo == null || !boo) {
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST).build();
    }
    return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.CREATED);
}

 
 

 
 
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6.3.service

基本逻辑：

• 1）校验短信验证码
• 2）生成盐
• 3）对密码加密
• 4）写入数据库
• 5）删除Redis中的验证码

public Boolean register(User user, String code) {
    String key = KEY_PREFIX + user.getPhone();
    // 从redis取出验证码
    String codeCache = this.redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
    // 检查验证码是否正确
    if (!code.equals(codeCache)) {
        // 不正确，返回
        return false;
    }
    user.setId(null);
    user.setCreated(new Date());
    // 生成盐
    String salt = CodecUtils.generateSalt();
    user.setSalt(salt);
    // 对密码进行加密
    user.setPassword(CodecUtils.md5Hex(user.getPassword(), salt));
    // 写入数据库
    boolean boo = this.userMapper.insertSelective(user) == 1;
<span class="token comment">// 如果注册成功，删除redis中的code</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>boo<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>redisTemplate<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">delete</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Exception</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        logger<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"删除缓存验证码失败，code：{}"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> code<span class="token punctuation">,</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> boo<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

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6.4.测试

我们通过在注册页面测试：

查看数据库：

6.5.服务端数据校验

刚才虽然实现了注册，但是服务端并没有进行数据校验，而前端的校验是很容易被有心人绕过的。所以我们必须在后台添加数据校验功能：

我们这里会使用Hibernate-Validator框架完成数据校验：

而SpringBoot的web启动器中已经集成了相关依赖：

6.5.1.什么是Hibernate Validator

Hibernate Validator是Hibernate提供的一个开源框架，使用注解方式非常方便的实现服务端的数据校验。

官网：http://hibernate.org/validator/

hibernate Validator 是 Bean Validation 的参考实现 。

Hibernate Validator 提供了 JSR 303 规范中所有内置 constraint（约束） 的实现，除此之外还有一些附加的 constraint。

在日常开发中，Hibernate Validator经常用来验证bean的字段，基于注解，方便快捷高效。

6.5.2.Bean校验的注解

常用注解如下：

Constraint	详细信息
@Valid	被注释的元素是一个对象，需要检查此对象的所有字段值
@Null	被注释的元素必须为 null
@NotNull	被注释的元素必须不为 null
@AssertTrue	被注释的元素必须为 true
@AssertFalse	被注释的元素必须为 false
@Min(value)	被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须大于等于指定的最小值
@Max(value)	被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须小于等于指定的最大值
@DecimalMin(value)	被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须大于等于指定的最小值
@DecimalMax(value)	被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须小于等于指定的最大值
@Size(max, min)	被注释的元素的大小必须在指定的范围内
@Digits (integer, fraction)	被注释的元素必须是一个数字，其值必须在可接受的范围内
@Past	被注释的元素必须是一个过去的日期
@Future	被注释的元素必须是一个将来的日期
@Pattern(value)	被注释的元素必须符合指定的正则表达式
@Email	被注释的元素必须是电子邮箱地址
@Length	被注释的字符串的大小必须在指定的范围内
@NotEmpty	被注释的字符串的必须非空
@Range	被注释的元素必须在合适的范围内
@NotBlank	被注释的字符串的必须非空
@URL(protocol=,host=, port=,regexp=, flags=)	被注释的字符串必须是一个有效的url
@CreditCardNumber	被注释的字符串必须通过Luhn校验算法，银行卡，信用卡等号码一般都用Luhn计算合法性

6.5.3.给User添加校验

我们在ly-user-interface中添加Hibernate-Validator依赖：

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

 
 

 
 
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我们在User对象的部分属性上添加注解：

@Table(name = "tb_user")
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;
    @Length(min = 4, max = 30, message = "用户名只能在4~30位之间")
    private String username;// 用户名
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@JsonIgnore</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Length</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>min <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> max <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"用户名只能在4~30位之间"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> String password<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">// 密码</span>

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Pattern</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>regexp <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"^1[35678]\\d{9}$"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"手机号格式不正确"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> String phone<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">// 电话</span>

<span class="token keyword">private</span> Date created<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">// 创建时间</span>

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@JsonIgnore</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> String salt<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">// 密码的盐值</span>

}

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6.5.4.在controller上进行控制

在controller中只需要给User添加 @Valid注解即可。

6.5.5.测试

我们故意填错：

然后SpringMVC会自动返回错误信息：

7.根据用户名和密码查询用户

7.1.接口说明

功能说明

查询功能，根据参数中的用户名和密码查询指定用户

接口路径

GET /query

 
 

 
 
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参数说明：

form表单格式

参数	说明	是否必须	数据类型	默认值
username	用户名，格式为4~30位字母、数字、下划线	是	String	无
password	用户密码，格式为4~30位字母、数字、下划线	是	String	无

返回结果：

用户的json格式数据

{
    "id": 6572312,
    "username":"test",
    "phone":"13688886666",
    "created": 1342432424
}

 
 

 
 
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状态码：

• 200：注册成功
• 400：用户名或密码错误
• 500：服务器内部异常，注册失败

7.2.controller

/**
 * 根据用户名和密码查询用户
 * @param username
 * @param password
 * @return
 */
@GetMapping("query")
public ResponseEntity<User> queryUser(
    @RequestParam("username") String username,
    @RequestParam("password") String password
    ) {
        User user = this.userService.queryUser(username, password);
        if (user == null) {
            return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST).build();
        }
        return ResponseEntity.ok(user);
    }

 
 

 
 
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7.3.service

public User queryUser(String username, String password) {
    // 查询
    User record = new User();
    record.setUsername(username);
    User user = this.userMapper.selectOne(record);
    // 校验用户名
    if (user == null) {
        return null;
    }
    // 校验密码
    if (!user.getPassword().equals(CodecUtils.md5Hex(password, user.getSalt()))) {
        return null;
    }
    // 用户名密码都正确
    return user;
}

 
 

 
 
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要注意，查询时也要对密码进行加密后判断是否一致。

7.4.测试

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