MIT_6.828_lab2_exercise5_讲解

exercise5要求补充mem_init()

完全按照提示来就行了。

// Set up a two-level page table:
//    kern_pgdir is its linear (virtual) address of the root
//
// This function only sets up the kernel part of the address space
// (ie. addresses >= UTOP).  The user part of the address space
// will be set up later.
//
// From UTOP to ULIM, the user is allowed to read but not write.
// Above ULIM the user cannot read or write.
void
mem_init(void)
{
	uint32_t cr0;
	size_t n;

	// Find out how much memory the machine has (npages & npages_basemem).
	i386_detect_memory();

	// Remove this line when you're ready to test this function.
	//panic("mem_init: This function is not finished\n");

	//
	// create initial page directory.
	kern_pgdir = (pde_t *) boot_alloc(PGSIZE);
	memset(kern_pgdir, 0, PGSIZE);

	//
	// Recursively insert PD in itself as a page table, to form
	// a virtual page table at virtual address UVPT.
	// (For now, you don't have understand the greater purpose of the
	// following line.)

	// Permissions: kernel R, user R
	kern_pgdir[PDX(UVPT)] = PADDR(kern_pgdir) | PTE_U | PTE_P;

	//这句后面的两个按位或，是设置权限user、present。

	//
	// Allocate an array of npages 'struct PageInfo's and store it in 'pages'.
	// The kernel uses this array to keep track of physical pages: for
	// each physical page, there is a corresponding struct PageInfo in this
	// array.  'npages' is the number of physical pages in memory.  Use memset
	// to initialize all fields of each struct PageInfo to 0.
	// Your code goes here:

	pages = (struct PageInfo*) boot_alloc(sizeof(struct PageInfo) * npages);
	memset(pages, 0, sizeof(struct PageInfo) * npages);

	//
	// Now that we've allocated the initial kernel data structures, we set
	// up the list of free physical pages. Once we've done so, all further
	// memory management will go through the page_* functions. In
	// particular, we can now map memory using boot_map_region
	// or page_insert
	page_init();

	check_page_free_list(1);
	check_page_alloc();
	check_page();

	//
	// Now we set up virtual memory

	//
	// Map 'pages' read-only by the user at linear address UPAGES
	// Permissions:
	//    - the new image at UPAGES -- kernel R, user R
	//      (ie. perm = PTE_U | PTE_P)
	//    - pages itself -- kernel RW, user NONE
	// Your code goes here:

	boot_map_region(kern_pgdir, UPAGES, sizeof(struct PageInfo) * npages, PADDR(pages), PTE_U);

	//
	// Use the physical memory that 'bootstack' refers to as the kernel
	// stack.  The kernel stack grows down from virtual address KSTACKTOP.
	// We consider the entire range from [KSTACKTOP-PTSIZE, KSTACKTOP)
	// to be the kernel stack, but break this into two pieces:
	//     * [KSTACKTOP-KSTKSIZE, KSTACKTOP) -- backed by physical memory
	//     * [KSTACKTOP-PTSIZE, KSTACKTOP-KSTKSIZE) -- not backed; so if
	//       the kernel overflows its stack, it will fault rather than
	//       overwrite memory.  Known as a "guard page".
	//     Permissions: kernel RW, user NONE
	// Your code goes here:

	boot_map_region(kern_pgdir, KSTACKTOP - KSTKSIZE, KSTKSIZE, PADDR(bootstack), PTE_W);

	//
	// Map all of physical memory at KERNBASE.
	// Ie.  the VA range [KERNBASE, 2^32) should map to
	//      the PA range [0, 2^32 - KERNBASE)
	// We might not have 2^32 - KERNBASE bytes of physical memory, but
	// we just set up the mapping anyway.
	// Permissions: kernel RW, user NONE
	// Your code goes here:

	boot_map_region(kern_pgdir, KERNBASE, 0xffffffff - KERNBASE, 0, PTE_W);

	// Check that the initial page directory has been set up correctly.
	check_kern_pgdir();

	// Switch from the minimal entry page directory to the full kern_pgdir
	// page table we just created.	Our instruction pointer should be
	// somewhere between KERNBASE and KERNBASE+4MB right now, which is
	// mapped the same way by both page tables.
	//
	// If the machine reboots at this point, you've probably set up your
	// kern_pgdir wrong.
	lcr3(PADDR(kern_pgdir));

	check_page_free_list(0);

	// entry.S set the really important flags in cr0 (including enabling
	// paging).  Here we configure the rest of the flags that we care about.
	cr0 = rcr0();
	cr0 |= CR0_PE|CR0_PG|CR0_AM|CR0_WP|CR0_NE|CR0_MP;
	cr0 &= ~(CR0_TS|CR0_EM);
	lcr0(cr0);

	// Some more checks, only possible after kern_pgdir is installed.
	check_page_installed_pgdir();
}

第三句boot_map_region中，注意要使用0xffffffff，而不是1<<32，因为地址是从0开始的，后者多了一位。

下面再附上虚拟内存分布图

/*
 * Virtual memory map:                                Permissions
 *                                                    kernel/user
 *
 *    4 Gig -------->  +------------------------------+
 *                     |                              | RW/--
 *                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 *                     :              .               :
 *                     :              .               :
 *                     :              .               :
 *                     |~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~| RW/--
 *                     |                              | RW/--
 *                     |   Remapped Physical Memory   | RW/--
 *                     |                              | RW/--
 *    KERNBASE, ---->  +------------------------------+ 0xf0000000      --+
 *    KSTACKTOP        |     CPU0's Kernel Stack      | RW/--  KSTKSIZE   |
 *                     | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -|                   |
 *                     |      Invalid Memory (*)      | --/--  KSTKGAP    |
 *                     +------------------------------+                   |
 *                     |     CPU1's Kernel Stack      | RW/--  KSTKSIZE   |
 *                     | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -|                 PTSIZE
 *                     |      Invalid Memory (*)      | --/--  KSTKGAP    |
 *                     +------------------------------+                   |
 *                     :              .               :                   |
 *                     :              .               :                   |
 *    MMIOLIM ------>  +------------------------------+ 0xefc00000      --+
 *                     |       Memory-mapped I/O      | RW/--  PTSIZE
 * ULIM, MMIOBASE -->  +------------------------------+ 0xef800000
 *                     |  Cur. Page Table (User R-)   | R-/R-  PTSIZE
 *    UVPT      ---->  +------------------------------+ 0xef400000
 *                     |          RO PAGES            | R-/R-  PTSIZE
 *    UPAGES    ---->  +------------------------------+ 0xef000000
 *                     |           RO ENVS            | R-/R-  PTSIZE
 * UTOP,UENVS ------>  +------------------------------+ 0xeec00000
 * UXSTACKTOP -/       |     User Exception Stack     | RW/RW  PGSIZE
 *                     +------------------------------+ 0xeebff000
 *                     |       Empty Memory (*)       | --/--  PGSIZE
 *    USTACKTOP  --->  +------------------------------+ 0xeebfe000
 *                     |      Normal User Stack       | RW/RW  PGSIZE
 *                     +------------------------------+ 0xeebfd000
 *                     |                              |
 *                     |                              |
 *                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 *                     .                              .
 *                     .                              .
 *                     .                              .
 *                     |~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~|
 *                     |     Program Data & Heap      |
 *    UTEXT -------->  +------------------------------+ 0x00800000
 *    PFTEMP ------->  |       Empty Memory (*)       |        PTSIZE
 *                     |                              |
 *    UTEMP -------->  +------------------------------+ 0x00400000      --+
 *                     |       Empty Memory (*)       |                   |
 *                     | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -|                   |
 *                     |  User STAB Data (optional)   |                 PTSIZE
 *    USTABDATA ---->  +------------------------------+ 0x00200000        |
 *                     |       Empty Memory (*)       |                   |
 *    0 ------------>  +------------------------------+                 --+
 *
 * (*) Note: The kernel ensures that "Invalid Memory" is *never* mapped.
 *     "Empty Memory" is normally unmapped, but user programs may map pages
 *     there if desired.  JOS user programs map pages temporarily at UTEMP.
 */