if __name__ == '__main__'

__name__ 是当前模块名，当模块被直接运行时模块名为 __main__ 。
这句话的意思就是，当模块被直接运行时，以下代码块将被运行;
当模块是被导入时，代码块不被运行。

也就是说，通过__name__的值，我们可以判断出该模块是作为脚本正在执行还是被其他模块导入，
而根据这个判断，我们就可以选择性地执行代码。将只有模块作为脚本执行时的代码放入到
        if __name__ == '__main__':
条件中，比如执行单元测试等。

比如：

# file one.py
def func():
    print("func() in one.py")

print("top-level in one.py")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("one.py is being run directly")
else:
    print("one.py is being imported into another module")

# file two.py
import one

print("top-level in two.py")
one.func()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("two.py is being run directly")
else:
    print("two.py is being imported into another module")

如果执行one.py文件，

top-level in one.py
one.py is being run directly

如果你执行two.py文件，

top-level in one.py
one.py is being imported into another module
top-level in two.py
func() in one.py
two.py is being run directly