CodeForces AIM Tech Round 3 (Div. 1) 题解（CF708A，CF708B，CF708C，CF708D，CF708E）

A. Letters Cyclic Shift（CodeForces 708A）

题解：直接找到第一个不是a的位置i和i后面第一个为a的位置j(如果没有，j=len(s))，那么翻转的肯定就是[i,j]这一段。如果这个字符串都是a，那么就翻转最后一个字符。

#include <cstring>
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

char s[100005];

int main() {
    scanf("%s", s + 1);
    int n = strlen(s + 1);
    bool flag = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
        if (!flag && s[i] != 'a') flag = 1;
        if (flag && s[i] == 'a') {
            for (int j = i; j <= n; j ++) printf("%c", s[j]);
            break;
        }
        if (!flag && i != n) printf("%c", s[i]); else
            printf("%c", (s[i] - 'a' - 1 + 26) % 26 + 'a');
    }
}

B. Recover the String（CodeForces 708B）

题解：由于知道了A[0][0]，假设0的数量是n0，那么A[0][0]肯定等于n0*(n0-1)/2，这样就可以算出n0，同理算出n1，同时判断A[0][0]和A[1][1]是否合法，同时也可以判断A[0][0]+A[0][1]+A[1][0]+A[1][1]是否等于(n0+n1)*(n0+n1-1)/2，即总数是否合法。最后根据A[0][1]的信息从前往后判断0是否可以填到第i位，满足0肯定肯定合法，同时1的限制肯定也合法了。还有一种特殊情况是当A[0][0]=A[0][1]=A[1][0]=0时n0等于0，1的情况同理。最后特判一下A[0][0]+A[0][1]+A[1][0]+A[1][1]=0的情况就可以了。

#include <cstring>
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>

using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;

LL a, b, c, d;
char s[1000005];

int main() {
    scanf("%lld%lld%lld%lld", &a, &b, &c, &d);
    if (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0 && d == 0) {printf("1\n"); return 0;}
    LL num0 = sqrt(a * 2) + 1, num1 = sqrt(d * 2) + 1;
    if (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0) num0 = 0;
    if (b == 0 && c == 0 && d == 0) num1 = 0;
    if (num0 * (num0 - 1) / 2 != a || num1 * (num1 - 1) / 2 != d) {printf("Impossible\n"); return 0;}
    if (b + c != num0 * num1) {printf("Impossible\n"); return 0;}
    LL all = num0 + num1;
    LL e = all * (all - 1) / 2;
    if (all > 1000000 || e != a + b + c + d) {printf("Impossible\n"); return 0;}
    LL x = num0, y = num1, bb = b, cc = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i <= all; i ++) {
        if (y <= bb) s[i] = '0', bb -= y; else
            s[i] = '1', y --;
    }
    printf("%s", s + 1);
}

C. Centroids（CodeForces 708C）

题解：首先加入一个点能成为重心，那么就要存在节点数不大于n/2的子树。由于最多只有一个，我们只需要维护每个节点向下能切下来小于等于n/2的最大子树和向上能切下来小于等于n/2的最大子树。分别用一个树形dp来求出，最后判断每个节点最大的子树是否合法就可以了。

#include <cstring>
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
#include <set>

using namespace std;

const int MAXN = 4e5 + 5;

int n, size[MAXN], hev[MAXN], down[MAXN], up[MAXN];
int tot, Last[MAXN], Go[MAXN * 2], Next[MAXN * 2];

void link(int u, int v) {
    Next[++ tot] = Last[u], Last[u] = tot, Go[tot] = v;
}

void dfs1(int now, int pre) {
    size[now] = 1;
    for (int p = Last[now]; p; p = Next[p]) {
        int v = Go[p];
        if (v == pre) continue;
        dfs1(v, now);
        size[now] += size[v];
        down[now] = max(down[now], (size[v] <= n / 2) ? size[v] : down[v]);
        hev[now] = max(hev[now], size[v]);
    }
}

void dfs2(int now, int pre) {
    multiset<int> d;
    for (int p = Last[now]; p; p = Next[p]) {
        int v = Go[p];
        if (v != pre) d.insert((size[v] <= n / 2) ? size[v] : down[v]);
    }
    for (int p = Last[now]; p; p = Next[p]) {
        int v = Go[p];
        if (v == pre) continue;
        if (n - size[v] <= n / 2) up[v] = max(up[v], n - size[v]); else {
            up[v] = max(up[v], up[now]);
            d.erase(d.find(size[v] <= n / 2 ? size[v] : down[v]));
            if (!d.empty()) up[v] = max(up[v], *d.rbegin());
            d.insert((size[v] <= n / 2) ? size[v] : down[v]);
        }
        dfs2(v, now);
    }
}

int main() {
    scanf("%d", &n);
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i ++) {
        int u, v;
        scanf("%d%d", &u, &v);
        link(u, v), link(v, u);
    }
    dfs1(1, 0);
    dfs2(1, 0);
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
        int ans = 1;
        if (n - size[i] > n / 2) ans = (n - size[i] - up[i] <= n / 2); 
        if (hev[i] > n / 2) ans = (hev[i] - down[i] <= n / 2);
        printf("%d ", ans);
    }
}

D. Incorrect Flow（CodeForces 708D）

题解：设(u,v,f,w)表示从u到v有一条流量为f，费用为w的边。假设我们先连(n,1,Inf,0)，那么最终保证流量平衡就可以了。对于c>=f的边很好连，直接(u,v,c-f,1),(u,v,Inf,2),(v,u,f,1)，对于c

#include <cstring>
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

const int Inf = 1e9;
const int MAXN = 105, MAXM = 505;

int n, m, S, T, ans, deg[MAXN], dis[MAXN], d[MAXN];
int tot, Last[MAXN], Go[MAXM * 2], Next[MAXM * 2], Len[MAXM * 2], Cost[MAXM * 2];
bool vis[MAXN], flag[MAXN];

void open(int u, int v, int f, int w) {
    Next[++ tot] = Last[u], Last[u] = tot, Go[tot] = v, Len[tot] = f, Cost[tot] = w;
}

void link(int u, int v, int f, int w) {
    open(u, v, f, w), open(v, u, 0, -w);
}

int dfs(int now, int flow) {
    if (now == T) {
        ans += dis[T] * flow;
        return flow;
    }
    int use = 0;
    vis[now] = 1;
    for (int p = Last[now]; p; p = Next[p]) {
        int v = Go[p];
        if (Len[p] && !vis[v] && dis[v] == dis[now] + Cost[p]) {
            int t = dfs(v, min(flow - use, Len[p]));
            Len[p] -= t, Len[p ^ 1] += t, use += t;
            if (use == flow) return use;
        }
    }
    return use;
}

int solve() {
    while (1) {
        memset(vis, 0, sizeof vis), memset(dis, 60, sizeof dis);
        int l = 0, r = 1;
        d[1] = S, dis[S] = 0, flag[S] = 1;
        while (l != r) {
            l = (l + 1) % MAXN;
            int now = d[l];
            for (int p = Last[now]; p; p = Next[p]) {
                int v = Go[p];
                if (Len[p] && dis[now] + Cost[p] < dis[v]) {
                    dis[v] = dis[now] + Cost[p];
                    if (!flag[v]) {
                        flag[v] = 1;
                        d[r = (r + 1) % MAXN] = v;
                    }
                }
            }
            flag[now] = 0;
        }
        if (dis[T] == dis[MAXN - 1]) return ans;
        dfs(S, Inf);
    }
}

int main() {
    scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
    S = 0, T = n + 1, tot = 1;
    link(n, 1, Inf, 0);
    for (int i = 1; i <= m; i ++) {
        int u, v, c, f;
        scanf("%d%d%d%d", &u, &v, &c, &f);
        deg[u] -= f, deg[v] += f;
        if (c >= f) {
            link(u, v, c - f, 1);
            link(u, v, Inf, 2);
            link(v, u, f, 1);
        } else {
            ans += f - c;
            link(u, v, Inf, 2);
            link(v, u, c, 1);
            link(v, u, f - c, 0);
        }
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++)
        if (deg[i] < 0) link(i, T, -deg[i], 0); else link(S, i, deg[i], 0);
    solve();
    printf("%d\n", ans);
}

E. Student’s Camp（CodeForces 708E）

施工中……