R语言字符串

目录

1.计算字符串长度nchar

2.粘贴字符串paste

3.提取字符substr

4.转大写toupper

5.转小写tolower

6.首字母大小写gsub

7.查找字符串grep

8.查找字符串match

9.字符串分块strsplit

11.组合字符串outer

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处理信息不可避免地要面对字符串，R提供了许多处理字符串的函数

1.计算字符串长度nchar

> nchar("hello world")
[1] 11

2.粘贴字符串paste

> paste("hello","world")
[1] "hello world"

> paste("hello","world",sep = "--")
[1] "hello--world"

3.提取字符substr

> a<-c("hello","world")
> substr(x=a,start = 2,stop = 3)
[1] "el" "or"

4.转大写toupper

> a
[1] "hello" "world"
> toupper(a)
[1] "HELLO" "WORLD"

5.转小写tolower

> a
[1] "HELLO" "WORLD"
> tolower(a)
[1] "hello" "world"

6.首字母大小写gsub

> gsub("^(\\w)","\\U\\1",tolower(a))
[1] "Uhello" "Uworld"

7.查找字符串grep

> a
[1] "hello" "world"
> grep("world",a,fixed = T)
[1] 2

8.查找字符串match

> match("world",a)
[1] 2

注意：match不支持正则表达式 

9.字符串分块strsplit

> strsplit(a,"/")
[[1]]
[1] "hello"

[[2]]
[1] "world"

注意：strsplit返回的是一个列表 

11.组合字符串outer

> a<-1:10
> b<-c("hello","world","you")
> outer(a,b,FUN = paste)
      [,1]       [,2]       [,3]    
 [1,] "1 hello"  "1 world"  "1 you" 
 [2,] "2 hello"  "2 world"  "2 you" 
 [3,] "3 hello"  "3 world"  "3 you" 
 [4,] "4 hello"  "4 world"  "4 you" 
 [5,] "5 hello"  "5 world"  "5 you" 
 [6,] "6 hello"  "6 world"  "6 you" 
 [7,] "7 hello"  "7 world"  "7 you" 
 [8,] "8 hello"  "8 world"  "8 you" 
 [9,] "9 hello"  "9 world"  "9 you" 
[10,] "10 hello" "10 world" "10 you"