初识CountDownLatch

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CountDownLatch是什么

在java.util.concurrent包内。CountDownLatch是一个同步工具类，允许一个或多个线程一直等待，直等到其他线程的某些操作执行完成后再继续执行。

CountDownLatch是在java1.5被引入的，跟它一起被引入的并发工具类还有CyclicBarrier、Semaphore、ConcurrentHashMap和BlockingQueue，它们都存在于java.util.concurrent包下。CountDownLatch这个类能够使一个线程等待其他线程完成各自的工作后再执行

CountDownLatch如何工作

CountDownLatch是通过一个计数器来实现的，计数器的初始值为线程的数量。每当一个线程完成了自己的任务后，计数器的值就会减1。当计数器值到达0时，它表示所有的线程已经完成了任务，然后在闭锁上等待的线程就可以恢复执行任务。

CountDownLatch伪代码

 //Main thread start 
 //Create CountDownLatch for N threads 
 //Create and start N threads 
 //Main thread wait on latch 
 //N threads completes there tasks are returns 
 //Main thread resume execution

CountDownLatch.java类中定义的构造函数：

//Constructs a CountDownLatch initialized with the given count.
public void CountDownLatch(int count) {...}

构造器中的计数器（count）是实际上闭锁需要等待的线程数量。这个值只能被设置一次，CountDownLatch没有提供任何机制去重新设置这个值

与CountDownLatch的第一次交互是主线程等待其他线程，主线程必须在启动其他线程后立即调用CountDownLatch.await()方法。这样主线程的操作会在这个方法上阻塞，直到其他线程完成各自的任务。

其他N个线程必须引用闭锁对象，因为他们需要通知CountDownLatch对象，他们已经完成了各自的任务。这种通知机制是通过 CountDownLatch.countDown()方法来完成的；每调用一次这个方法，在构造函数中初始化的count值就减1。所以当N个线程都调 用了这个方法，count的值等于0，然后主线程就能通过await()方法，恢复执行自己的任务。

主要方法

// Causes the current thread to wait until the latch has counted down to zero, unless the thread is interrupted.
void    await() 

// Causes the current thread to wait until the latch has counted down to zero, unless the thread is interrupted, or the specified waiting time elapses.
boolean await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)

void    countDown()
Decrements the count of the latch, releasing all waiting threads if the count reaches zero.

long    getCount()
Returns the current count.

String  toString()
Returns a string identifying this latch, as well as its state.

一个例子

在这个例子中，我模拟了一个应用程序启动类，它开始时启动了n个线程类，这些线程将检查外部系统并通知闭锁，并且启动类一直在闭锁上等待着。一旦验证和检查了所有外部服务，那么启动类恢复执行。

BaseHealthChecker.java：这个类是一个Runnable，负责所有特定的外部服务健康的检测。它删除了重复的代码和闭锁的中心控制代码。

public abstract class BaseHealthChecker implements Runnable {
 
    private CountDownLatch _latch;
    private String _serviceName;
    private boolean _serviceUp;
 
    //Get latch object in constructor so that after completing the task, thread can countDown() the latch
    public BaseHealthChecker(String serviceName, CountDownLatch latch)
    {
        super();
        this._latch = latch;
        this._serviceName = serviceName;
        this._serviceUp = true;
    }
 
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            verifyService();
            _serviceUp = true;
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            t.printStackTrace(System.err);
            _serviceUp = false;
        } finally {
            if(_latch != null) {
                _latch.countDown();
            }
        }
    }
 
    public String getServiceName() {
        return _serviceName;
    }
 
    public boolean isServiceUp() {
        return _serviceUp;
    }
    //This methos needs to be implemented by all specific service checker
    public abstract void verifyService();
}

NetworkHealthChecker.java：这个类继承了BaseHealthChecker，实现了verifyService()方法。DatabaseHealthChecker.java和CacheHealthChecker.java除了服务名和休眠时间外，与NetworkHealthChecker.java是一样的。

public class NetworkHealthChecker extends BaseHealthChecker
{
    public NetworkHealthChecker (CountDownLatch latch)  {
        super("Network Service", latch);
    }
 
    @Override
    public void verifyService()
    {
        System.out.println("Checking " + this.getServiceName());
        try
        {
            Thread.sleep(7000);
        }
        catch (InterruptedException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(this.getServiceName() + " is UP");
    }
}

ApplicationStartupUtil.java：这个类是一个主启动类，它负责初始化闭锁，然后等待，直到所有服务都被检测完。

public class ApplicationStartupUtil
{
    //List of service checkers
    private static List<BaseHealthChecker> _services;
 
    //This latch will be used to wait on
    private static CountDownLatch _latch;
 
    private ApplicationStartupUtil()
    {
    }
 
    private final static ApplicationStartupUtil INSTANCE = new ApplicationStartupUtil();
 
    public static ApplicationStartupUtil getInstance()
    {
        return INSTANCE;
    }
 
    public static boolean checkExternalServices() throws Exception
    {
        //Initialize the latch with number of service checkers
        _latch = new CountDownLatch(3);
 
        //All add checker in lists
        _services = new ArrayList<BaseHealthChecker>();
        _services.add(new NetworkHealthChecker(_latch));
        _services.add(new CacheHealthChecker(_latch));
        _services.add(new DatabaseHealthChecker(_latch));
 
        //Start service checkers using executor framework
        Executor executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(_services.size());
 
        for(final BaseHealthChecker v : _services)
        {
            executor.execute(v);
        }
 
        //Now wait till all services are checked
        _latch.await();
 
        //Services are file and now proceed startup
        for(final BaseHealthChecker v : _services)
        {
            if( ! v.isServiceUp())
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
}

现在你可以写测试代码去检测一下闭锁的功能了。

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        boolean result = false;
        try {
            result = ApplicationStartupUtil.checkExternalServices();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("External services validation completed !! Result was :: "+ result);
    }
}

Output in console:
 
Checking Network Service
Checking Cache Service
Checking Database Service
Database Service is UP
Cache Service is UP
Network Service is UP
External services validation completed !! Result was :: true

参考文献

什么时候使用CountDownLatch