非归档模式下RMAN备份的异机恢复

1、 关键过程

备份源数据库

a)      创建备份目录，用root用户登录源数据库，执行下列命令：

vmsdb1:~ # mkdir /opt/orabak/

vmsdb1:~ # chmod 775 /opt/orabak/

vmsdb1:~ # chown oracle:oinstall /opt/orabak/

 

b)     备份数据库和控制文件：

vmsdb1:~ # su - oracle

oracle@vmsdb1:~> rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Thu May 3 13:14:11 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: VMSDB1 (DBID=2886533464)

RMAN> run {

  #将数据库启动到mount状态

  shutdown immediate;

  startup mount;

 

  #删除过期备份

  crosscheck backup;

  delete noprompt expired backup;

 

  #备份数据库

  allocate channel t1 type disk;

  set limit channel t1 kbytes=1000000;

  backup

  incremental level 0

  skip inaccessible

  as compressed backupset

  # recommended format

  format '/opt/orabak/fullbackup_%T_%U.backup'

  database;

 

  #备份控制文件

  backup current controlfile format '/opt/orabak/ctlfile_backup.backup';

  release channel t1;

 

  #打开数据库

  alter database open;

 }

 

c)      备份参数文件

oracle@vmsdb1:/opt/orabak>sqlplus / as sysdba

sql>create pfile='/opt/orabak/VMSDB1_init.ora' from spfile;

 

d)     备份口令文件

oracle@vmsdb1:/opt/orabak>cp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwvmsdb1 /opt/orabak

 

当前实例的口令文件，存放在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/路径下，文件命规则是：orapw$ORACLE_SID。

 

将备份文件传送到目标数据库机器

a)      使用SCP传送到目的服务器：10.137.19.155，在传送备份文件前，需要在目标数据库上建立好对应的路径和赋权，具体命令可以参考下面“创建存储RMAN备份的目录”命令。

vmsdb1:/opt/orabak # tar -zcvf vmsdb1_backup.tar.gz ./

vmsdb1:/opt/orabak # scp vmsdb1_backup.tar.gz oracle@10.137.19.155:/opt/orabak

 

 

在目标单板上恢复数据库

a)      创建存储RMAN备份的目录

linux155:~ # mkdir /opt/orabak/

linux155:~ # chmod 775 /opt/orabak/

linux155:~ # chown oracle:oinstall /opt/orabak/

 

b)     创建实例vmsdb1的相关目录

linux155:~ # su - oracle

oracle@linux155:~>mkdir -p /opt/oracle/admin/vmsdb1/{adump,dpdump,hdump,pfile,scripts}

oracle@linux155:~>mkdir -p /opt/oracle/diag/rdbms/vmsdb1/vmsdb1/{alert,cdump,hm,incident,incpkg,ir,lck,metadata,stage,sweep,trace}

 

oracle@linux155:~>mkdir -p /opt/oracle/oradata/vmsdb1

 

源数据库中，vmsdb1数据库的数据文件存放路径是“/opt/oracle/oradata/vmsdb1”。

c)      创建口令文件

oracle@linux155:/opt/orabak> tar -zxvf vmsdb1_backup.tar.gz

oracle@linux155:/opt/orabak> cp orapwvmsdb1 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/

 

d)     创建参数文件

oracle@linux155:/opt/orabak> cp VMSDB1_init.ora $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initvmsdb1.ora

 

Oracle11g数据库启动时，Oracle实例会搜索$ORACLE_HOME/dbs路径，先加载spfile文件，如果不存在spfile文件，则加载pfile文件，pfile文件的命名规则是：init$ORACLE_SID.ora。

e)     RMAN恢复

oracle@linux155:~> export ORACLE_SID=vmsdb1

oracle@linux155:~> echo $ORACLE_SID

vmsdb1

oracle@linux155:~> rman target/

Recovery Manager: Release 11.1.0.7.0 - Production on Thu May 3 19:54:18 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

connected to target database (not started)

RMAN> set dbid=2886533464; //指定DBID，需要和源服务器的DBID一致，可以从源服务器中的v$database视图中查询得到

executing command: SET DBID

RMAN> startup nomount;

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area   1603411968 bytes

Fixed Size                    2160112 bytes

Variable Size               419432976 bytes

Database Buffers           1174405120 bytes

Redo Buffers                  7413760 bytes

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/opt/orabak/ctlfile_backup.backup'; --恢复控制文件

Starting restore at 03-MAY-12

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=153 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

output file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/vmsdb1/control01.ctl

output file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/vmsdb1/control02.ctl

output file name=/opt/oracle/oradata/vmsdb1/control03.ctl

Finished restore at 03-MAY-12

RMAN> alter database mount;

database mounted

released channel: ORA_DISK_1

RMAN> restore database;   --还原数据库文件

Starting restore at 03-MAY-12

Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 03-MAY-12

……

Finished restore at 03-MAY-12

RMAN> recover database;  --恢复数据库文件，这里将报错，不需处理，继续根据本案例指导，进行后面的操作

Starting recover at 03-MAY-12

using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery

RMAN-08187: WARNING: media recovery until SCN 1553545 complete

Finished recover at 03-MAY-12

RMAN> shutdown immediate;

database dismounted

Oracle instance shut down

 

f)      打开数据库

linux155:~ # su - oracle

oracle@linux155:~> export ORACLE_SID=vmsdb1

oracle@linux155:~> echo $ORACLE_SID

vmsdb1

oracle@linux155:~> sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.7.0 - Production on Thu May 3 08:29:00 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup;

ORACLE instance started.

 

Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytes

Fixed Size                 2160112 bytes

Variable Size             385878544 bytes

Database Buffers         1207959552 bytes

Redo Buffers               7413760 bytes

Database mounted.

ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open

 

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS

------------

OPEN

 

至此，数据库在目标单板上已成功恢复了。

 

2、 结论、解决方案及效果

本案例使用的典型场景如下：

a)      在一线搭建测试床，演练升级和调测业务。

b)     当现网数据库出现严重故障，需要较长时间修复时，可以快速地在冗余、空闲数据库单板上恢复数据库，业务指向暂时数据库，快速恢复业务。

c)      在研发实验室快速搭建现场数据库镜像环境，进行业务开发和测试，以及问题重现等。

 

3、 经验总结、预防措施和规范建议

如果打开数据库的过程中，出现下列错误：

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

alter database open resetlogs

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced

Process ID: 2946

Session ID: 170 Serial number: 5

 

 

-- alert日志报错

Thu May 03 08:29:15 2012

ALTER DATABASE OPEN

ORA-1589 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN...

Thu May 03 08:29:33 2012

alter database open resetlogs

……

ORA-00704: bootstrap process failure

ORA-39700: database must be opened with UPGRADE option

Error 704 happened during db open, shutting down database

USER (ospid: 2946): terminating the instance due to error 704

Instance terminated by USER, pid = 2946

ORA-1092 signalled during: alter database open resetlogs...

ORA-1092 : opiodr aborting process unknown ospid (2946_47245946265184)

Thu May 03 08:29:41 2012

ORA-1092 : opitsk aborting process

 

    错误原因是：源数据库和目标数据库的版本不一致或Oracle补丁没有加载一致，所以请用下面的方法解决：

oracle@linux155:~> export ORACLE_SID=vmsdb1

oracle@linux155:~> echo $ORACLE_SID

vmsdb1

oracle@linux155:~> sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.7.0 - Production on Thu May 3 08:32:23 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> STARTUP UPGRADE;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytes

Fixed Size                 2160112 bytes

Variable Size             385878544 bytes

Database Buffers         1207959552 bytes

Redo Buffers               7413760 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catupgrd.sql

 

-- 上述命令执行完毕后，数据库已关闭，所以执行下列命令

SQL> quit

oracle@linux155:~> sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL> startup;

…

-- 编译失效对象

SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql