1067 Sort with Swap(0, i) (25 分)
Given any permutation of the numbers {0, 1, 2,..., N−1}, it is easy to sort them in increasing order. But what if Swap(0, *)
is the ONLY operation that is allowed to use? For example, to sort {4, 0, 2, 1, 3} we may apply the swap operations in the following way:
Swap(0, 1) => {4, 1, 2, 0, 3}
Swap(0, 3) => {4, 1, 2, 3, 0}
Swap(0, 4) => {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
Now you are asked to find the minimum number of swaps need to sort the given permutation of the first N nonnegative integers.
Input Specification:
Each input file contains one test case, which gives a positive N (≤105) followed by a permutation sequence of {0, 1, ..., N−1}. All the numbers in a line are separated by a space.
Output Specification:
For each case, simply print in a line the minimum number of swaps need to sort the given permutation.
Sample Input:
10
3 5 7 2 6 4 9 0 8 1
Sample Output:
9
注意:写题前一定要注意数组下标和对应内容的关系,然后循环体内的每一个变量的判定一定要仔细思考,这里一直卡在while(k<n)这里,没写一步循环将无限进行下去。使用swap函数时一定要加上头文件algorithm和using namespace std;
具体代码
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int n;
scanf("%d",&n);
int no=n-1;
int pos[100010];
int num;
for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
scanf("%d",&num);
if(num==i&&num!=0)no--;
pos[num]=i;
//no用于存放除0外未回到原位的数字的数量
}
int k=1;
int ans=0;
while(no>0){//当还有未回归到原位的数字时
if(pos[0]==0){
while(k<n){
if(pos[k]!=k){swap(pos[0],pos[k]);
ans++;
break;
}
k++;
}
}
while(pos[0]!=0){
swap(pos[0],pos[pos[0]]);
ans++;
no--;
}
}
printf("%d\n",ans);
return 0;
}