【Linux系统编程】文件编程

目录

一、Linux系统下一系列的API

1、API

2、创建文件creat函数

3、计算文件大小

二、文件描述符

三、应用

1、实现Linux cp命令的代码

2、修改程序的配置文件

四、写入一个整型数到文件

五、写结构体数组到文件

六、总结open和fopen的区别

七、标准C库对文件操作的引入

1、fopen、fwrite、fseek、fread、fclose

2、写入结构体到文件 

3、fgetc、fputc、feof

---

一、Linux系统下一系列的API

1、API

打开	open
读写	write /read
光标定位	lseek
关闭	close

Pathname:  要打开的文件名（含路径,缺省为当前路径）

Flags:          O_RDONLY 只读打开        O_WRONLY 只写打开        O_RDWR 可读可写打开    

        当我们附带了权限后，打开的文件就只能按照这种权限来操作。以上这三个常数中应当只指定一个。下列参数是可选择的：

O_CREAT	若文件不存在则创建它。使用此选项时，需要同时说明第三个参数mode，用其说明该新文件的存取许可权限。
O_EXCL	如果同时指定了OCREAT，而文件已经存在，则失败。
O_APPEND	每次写时都加到文件的尾端。
O_TRUNC	属性去打开文件时，如果这个文件中本来是有内容的，而且为只读或只写成功打开，则将其长度截短为0。

      

                      

Mode:        一定是在flags中使用了O_CREAT标志，mode记录待创建的文件的访问权限 

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
	int fd;
	char *buf = "this is a test!";	

	fd = open("./file1",O_RDWR);                             //打开文件   可读写

	if(fd == -1){                                            //返回值 失败-1
		printf("open file1 failed\n");
		fd = open("./file1",O_RDWR|O_CREAT,0600);            //O_CREAT创建文件
		if(fd > 0){
			printf("create file1 success!\n");
		}
	}
	printf("open susceess : fd = %d\n",fd);

//	ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);     //写入
	int n_write = write(fd,buf,strlen(buf));
	if(n_write != -1){
		printf("write %d byte to file\n",n_write);
	}

//	close(fd);                                                //关闭重新打开文件
//	fd = open("./file1",O_RDWR);

//	off_t lseek(int fd, off_t offset, int whence);
//	lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);                                   //设置光标为文件头
//	lseek(fd, -15, SEEK_CUR);                                 //设置光标向前偏移15
	lseek(fd, -n_write, SEEK_CUR);

	char *readBuf;
	readBuf = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*n_write + 1);
//	ssize_t read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count);            //读取
	int n_read = read(fd, readBuf,100);
	printf("read %d ,context:%s\n",n_read,readBuf);
	close(fd);

	return 0;
}

2、创建文件creat函数

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
	int fd;
	char *buf = "test";	

//	int creat(const char *pathname, mode_t mode);
	fd = creat("/home/datou/file1",S_IRWXU);

	return 0;
}

3、计算文件大小

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
	int fd;
	char *buf = "this is a test!";	

	fd = open("./file1",O_RDWR);

	int filesize = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
	printf("file's size is:%d\n",filesize);
	close(fd);

	return 0;
}

二、文件描述符

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
	int fd;

	char readBuf[128];

	int n_read = read(0, readBuf,5);

	int n_write = write(1,readBuf,strlen(readBuf));
	
	printf("\ndone!\n");
	return 0;
}

三、应用

1、实现Linux cp命令的代码

• test

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	printf("totol params: %d\n",argc);
	printf("No.1 params :%s\n",argv[0]);
	printf("No.2 params :%s\n",argv[1]);
	printf("No.3 params :%s\n",argv[2]);

	return 0;
}

•  实现cp命令

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	int fdSrc;
	int fdDes;
	char *readBuf=NULL;

	if(argc != 3){                                       //对参数个数判断
		printf("pararm error\n");
		exit(-1);
	}
	
	fdSrc = open(argv[1],O_RDWR);                        //打开原文件
	int size = lseek(fdSrc,0,SEEK_END);                  //读取文件大小
	lseek(fdSrc,0,SEEK_SET);                             //设置光标为文件头

	readBuf=(char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*size + 8);    
	int n_read = read(fdSrc, readBuf, size);              //读取原文件到readBuf
	
	fdDes = open(argv[2],O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC,0600);    //创建并打开新文件
	int n_write = write(fdDes,readBuf,strlen(readBuf));   //写readBuf

	close(fdSrc);                                         //关闭两个文件
	close(fdDes);

	return 0;
}

 2、修改程序的配置文件

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	int fdSrc;

	char *readBuf=NULL;

	if(argc != 2){                                       //对参数个数判断
		printf("pararm error\n");
		exit(-1);
	}
	
	fdSrc = open(argv[1],O_RDWR);                        //打开原文件
	int size = lseek(fdSrc,0,SEEK_END);                  //读取文件大小
	lseek(fdSrc,0,SEEK_SET);                             //设置光标为文件头

	readBuf=(char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*size + 8);    
	int n_read = read(fdSrc, readBuf, size);             //读取原文件到readBuf
	
	
	char *p = strstr(readBuf,"LENG=");                   //查找关键字
	if(p==NULL){
		printf("not found\n");
		exit(-1);
	}
	
	p = p+strlen("LENG=");                               //向后偏移
	*p = '5';                                            //写入文件的都是字符
	
	lseek(fdSrc,0,SEEK_SET);
	int n_write = write(fdSrc,readBuf,strlen(readBuf));

	close(fdSrc);                                         //关闭两个文件

	return 0;
}

四、写入一个整型数到文件

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
	int fd;
	
	int data = 100;
	int data2 = 0;

	fd = open("./file1",O_RDWR);

	int n_write = write(fd,&data,sizeof(int));

	lseek(fd,0,SEEK_SET);

	int n_read = read(fd, &data2, sizeof(int));
	
	printf("read %d \n",data2);
	close(fd);

	return 0;
}

五、写结构体数组到文件

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct Test
{
	int a;
	char c;

};

int main()
{
	int fd;
	
	struct Test data[2] = {{100,'a'},{101,'b'}};
	struct Test data2[2];

	fd = open("./file1",O_RDWR);

	int n_write = write(fd,&data,sizeof(struct Test)*2);

	lseek(fd,0,SEEK_SET);

	int n_read = read(fd, &data2, sizeof(struct Test)*2);
	
	printf("read %d,%c \n",data2[0].a,data2[0].c);
	printf("read %d,%c \n",data2[1].a,data2[1].c);
	close(fd);

	return 0;
}

六、总结open和fopen的区别

参考：总结open与fopen的区别 - NickyYe - 博客园

参考：fopen与open的区别（好文）_oscarjulia的博客-CSDN博客_fopen和open

七、标准C库对文件操作的引入

1、fopen、fwrite、fseek、fread、fclose

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
	//FILE *fopen(const char *pathname, const char *mode);
	FILE *fp;
	char *str = "fopen test!";
	char readBuf[128] = {0};

	fp = fopen("./fopen.txt","w+");

	//size_t fwrite(const void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb,FILE *stream);
	int nwrite = fwrite(str,sizeof(char),strlen(str),fp);
	//fwrite(str,sizeof(char)*strlen(str),1,fp);

	fseek(fp,0,SEEK_SET);

	//size_t fread(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream);
	int nread = fread(readBuf,sizeof(char),strlen(str),fp);
	//fread(readBuf,sizeof(char)*strlen(str),1,fp);
	
	printf("read data: %s\n",readBuf);
	printf("write=%d,read=%d\n",nwrite,nread);

    fclose(fp);
	
	return 0;
}

2、写入结构体到文件 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

struct Test
{
	int a;
	char c;

};

int main()
{
	FILE *fp;
	
	struct Test data = {100,'a'};
	struct Test data2;

	fp = fopen("./CWrite.txt","w+");

	int n_write = fwrite(&data,sizeof(struct Test),1,fp);

	fseek(fp,0,SEEK_SET);

	int n_read = fread(&data2, sizeof(struct Test),1,fp);
	
	printf("read %d,%c\n",data2.a,data2.c);
	
	fclose(fp);

	return 0;
}

 

 3、fgetc、fputc、feof

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
	FILE *fp;
	int i;
	char *str = "this is a test!";
	int len = strlen(str);

	fp = fopen("./fputc.txt","w+");
	for(i=0;i<len;i++){

		fputc(*str,fp);
		str++;
	}
	fclose(fp);
	
	return 0;
}

feof   ：判断是否到文件尾 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main()
{
	FILE *fp;
	int i;
	char c;

	fp = fopen("./fputc.txt","r");

	while(!feof(fp)){// nonezero if reach end of file
		
		c = fgetc(fp);
		printf("%c",c);
	}
	fclose(fp);

	return 0;
}