解决 Mac Python安装 mysqlclient 库报错

历经千辛万苦终于解决了，参考牛人笔记，记录一下

安装 brew

首先安装 brew，百度，教程很多

安装 mysql

#安装
brew install mysql

#配置环境变量
echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/mysql-client/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile

#使环境变量生效
source ~/.bash_profile

#通过脚本启动mysql服务
mysql.server start

#启动 mysql 并设置为开机启动
brew services start mysql

#初始化，设置密码
mysql_secure_installation

ya..... bin % mysql_secure_installation        
Enter password: 

Securing the MySQL server deployment.


VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords //密码验证插件，为了提高安全性，需要验证密码
and improve security. It checks the strength of password  // 它会检查密码的强度
and allows the users to set only those passwords which are  //只允许用户设置足够安全的密码
secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin?   //提示安装密码验证插件

Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: y

There are three levels of password validation policy:  //三个等级的验证策略

LOW Length >= 8  //最小长度大于等于8个字符
MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters    //数字，字母，特殊字符 混合，具体的应该是至少1个数字，1个字母，1个特殊字符，长度不超过32个字符
STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary file   //  最严格，加上了，字典文件

Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG: 2                      //这里我选择2 MEDIUM
Using existing password for root.

Estimated strength of the password: 50                                   //这里也是密码强度的评级
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y

New password:                                                        //密码 

Re-enter new password: 

Estimated strength of the password: 50 
Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y     //提示要使用刚刚输入的密码吗？
 ... Failed! Error: Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements                   //插件验证不通过，不符合当前安全要求级别

New password:                                                        //密码

Re-enter new password: 

Estimated strength of the password: 100 
Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,               //默认情况下，MySQL有一个匿名用户，
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have              //这个匿名用户，不必有一个用户为他们创建，匿名用户允许任何人登录到MySQL，
a user account created for them. This is intended only for            //这只是为了方便测试使用
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production                //在正式环境使用的时候，建议你移除它
environment.

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y                //提示移除匿名用户
Success.

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from                        //一般情况下，root用户只允许使用"localhost"方式登录，
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at                       // 以此确保，不能被某些人通过网络的方式访问
the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n          //

 ... skipping.
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that                      //默认情况下，MySQL数据库中有一个任何用户都可以访问的test库，
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,                     //这也仅仅是为了测试
and should be removed before moving into a production                          // 在正式环境下，应该移除掉
environment.

Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
 - Dropping test database...
Success.

 - Removing privileges on test database...
Success.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes                       //刷新权限表，以确保所有的修改可以立刻生效
made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.

All done! 

安装 MySQL-Connector-c

brew install mysql-connector-c

安装 XCode-

xcode-select --install

安装 OpenSSL

brew install openssl

安装后终端会显示配置环境变量方法

If you need to have openssl@3 first in your PATH, run:
  echo 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@3/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc

For compilers to find openssl@3 you may need to set:
  export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@3/lib"
  export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@3/include"

取消链接MySQL和链接的MySQL连接器mysql-connector-c

brew unlink mysql
brew link --overwrite mysql-connector-c

如图连接mysql-connector-c有警告
Warning: mysql-client is keg-only and must be linked with --force.
执行
brew link --overwrite mysql-connector-c --force

安装 mysqlclient

使用pip install mysqlclient不会出现任何错误

再次连接 MySQL

做取消链接MySQL和链接的MySQL连接器mysql-connector-c相反的操作：

brew unlink mysql-connector-c
brew link --overwrite mysql --force

参考链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/shen-qiang/p/13607977.html
参考链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/b0585609c8db