从IE4开始IE的object model才增加了document.all[],来看看document.all[]的Description:
Array of all HTML tags in the document.Collection of all elements contained by the object.
Array of all HTML tags in the document.Collection of all elements contained by the object.
也就是说document.all[]是文档中所有标签组成的一个数组变量,包括了文档对象中所有元素(见例1)。
IE’s document.all collection exposes all document elements.This array provides access to every element in the document.
document.all[]这个数组可以访问文档中所有元素。
例1(这个可以让你理解文档中哪些是对象)
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
" [url]http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd[/url]">
<html xmlns=" [url]http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml[/url]">
<head>
<title>Document.All Example</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" />
</head>
<body>
<h1>Example Heading</h1>
<hr />
<p>This is a <em>paragraph</em>. It is only a <em>paragraph.</em></p>
<p>Yet another <em>paragraph.</em></p>
<p>This final <em>paragraph</em> has <em id="special">special emphasis.</em></p>
<hr />
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--
var i,origLength;
origLength = document.all.length;
document.write('document.all.length='+origLength+"<br />");
for (i = 0; i < origLength; i++)
{
document.write("document.all["+i+"]="+document.all[i].tagName+"<br />");
}
//-->
</script>
</body>
</html>
" [url]http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd[/url]">
<html xmlns=" [url]http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml[/url]">
<head>
<title>Document.All Example</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" />
</head>
<body>
<h1>Example Heading</h1>
<hr />
<p>This is a <em>paragraph</em>. It is only a <em>paragraph.</em></p>
<p>Yet another <em>paragraph.</em></p>
<p>This final <em>paragraph</em> has <em id="special">special emphasis.</em></p>
<hr />
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--
var i,origLength;
origLength = document.all.length;
document.write('document.all.length='+origLength+"<br />");
for (i = 0; i < origLength; i++)
{
document.write("document.all["+i+"]="+document.all[i].tagName+"<br />");
}
//-->
</script>
</body>
</html>
它的执行结果是:
Example Heading
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This is a paragraph. It is only a paragraph.
Yet another paragraph.
This final paragraph has special emphasis.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
document.all.length=18
document.all[0]=!
document.all[1]=HTML
document.all[2]=HEAD
document.all[3]=TITLE
document.all[4]=META
document.all[5]=BODY
document.all[6]=H1
document.all[7]=HR
document.all[8]=P
document.all[9]=EM
document.all[10]=EM
document.all[11]=P
document.all[12]=EM
document.all[13]=P
document.all[14]=EM
document.all[15]=EM
document.all[16]=HR
document.all[17]=SCRIPT
(注意它只可以在IE上运行)
例2(访问一个特定元素)
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
" [url]http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd[/url]">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312">
<title>单击DIV变色</title>
<style type="text/css">
<!--
#docid{
height:400px;
width:400px;
background-color:#999;}
-->
</style>
</head>
<body><div id="docid" name="docname" onClick="bgcolor()"></div>
</body>
</html>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
<!--
function bgcolor(){
document.all[7].style.backgroundColor="#000"
}
-->
</script>
" [url]http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd[/url]">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312">
<title>单击DIV变色</title>
<style type="text/css">
<!--
#docid{
height:400px;
width:400px;
background-color:#999;}
-->
</style>
</head>
<body><div id="docid" name="docname" onClick="bgcolor()"></div>
</body>
</html>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
<!--
function bgcolor(){
document.all[7].style.backgroundColor="#000"
}
-->
</script>
上面的这个例子让你了解怎么访问文档中的一个特定元素,比如文档中有一个DIV
<div id="docid" name="docname"></div>,你可以通过这个DIV的ID,NAME或INDEX属性访问这个DIV:
<div id="docid" name="docname"></div>,你可以通过这个DIV的ID,NAME或INDEX属性访问这个DIV:
document.all["docid"]
document.all["docname"]
document.all.item("docid")
document.all.item("docname")
document.all[7]
document.all.tags("div")则返回文档中所有DIV数组,本例中只有一个DIV,所以用document.all.tags("div")[0]就可以访问了。
document.all["docname"]
document.all.item("docid")
document.all.item("docname")
document.all[7]
document.all.tags("div")则返回文档中所有DIV数组,本例中只有一个DIV,所以用document.all.tags("div")[0]就可以访问了。
3、使用document.all[]
例3
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
" [url]http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd[/url]">
<html xmlns=" [url]http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml[/url]">
<head>
<title>Document.All Example #2</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" />
</head>
<body>
<!-- Works in Internet Explorer and compatible -->
<h1 id="heading1" align="center" style="font-size: larger;">DHTML Fun!!!</h1>
<form name="testform" id="testform" action="#" method="get">
<br /><br />
<input type="button" value="Align Left"
οnclick="document.all['heading1'].align='left';" />//改变<h1></h1>标签对中的align属性的值,下面的代码作用相同
<input type="button" value="Align Center"
οnclick="document.all['heading1'].align='center';" />
<input type="button" value="Align Right"
οnclick="document.all['heading1'].align='right';" />
<br /><br />
<input type="button" value="/Bigger"
οnclick="document.all['heading1'].style.fontSize='xx-large';" />
<input type="button" value="/Smaller"
οnclick="document.all['heading1'].style.fontSize='xx-small';" />
<br /><br />
<input type="button" value="Red"
οnclick="document.all['heading1'].style.color='red';" />
<input type="button" value="/Blue"
οnclick="document.all['heading1'].style.color='blue';" />
<input type="button" value="/Black"
οnclick="document.all['heading1'].style.color='black';" />
<br /><br />
<input type="text" name="userText" id="userText" size="30" />
<input type="button" value="Change Text"
οnclick="document.all['heading1'].innerText=document.testform.userText.value;" />//改变<h1></h1>标签对中的文本内容
</form>
</body>
</html>
" [url]http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd[/url]">
<html xmlns=" [url]http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml[/url]">
<head>
<title>Document.All Example #2</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" />
</head>
<body>
<!-- Works in Internet Explorer and compatible -->
<h1 id="heading1" align="center" style="font-size: larger;">DHTML Fun!!!</h1>
<form name="testform" id="testform" action="#" method="get">
<br /><br />
<input type="button" value="Align Left"
οnclick="document.all['heading1'].align='left';" />//改变<h1></h1>标签对中的align属性的值,下面的代码作用相同
<input type="button" value="Align Center"
οnclick="document.all['heading1'].align='center';" />
<input type="button" value="Align Right"
οnclick="document.all['heading1'].align='right';" />
<br /><br />
<input type="button" value="/Bigger"
οnclick="document.all['heading1'].style.fontSize='xx-large';" />
<input type="button" value="/Smaller"
οnclick="document.all['heading1'].style.fontSize='xx-small';" />
<br /><br />
<input type="button" value="Red"
οnclick="document.all['heading1'].style.color='red';" />
<input type="button" value="/Blue"
οnclick="document.all['heading1'].style.color='blue';" />
<input type="button" value="/Black"
οnclick="document.all['heading1'].style.color='black';" />
<br /><br />
<input type="text" name="userText" id="userText" size="30" />
<input type="button" value="Change Text"
οnclick="document.all['heading1'].innerText=document.testform.userText.value;" />//改变<h1></h1>标签对中的文本内容
</form>
</body>
</html>
4、标准DOM中的访问方法
开头就说过document.all[]不符合WEB标准,那用什么来替代它呢?document.getElementById
Most third-party browsers are “strict standards” implementations, meaning that they implement W3C and ECMA standards and ignore most of the proprietary object models of Internet Explorer and Netscape.If the demographic for your Web site includes users likely to use less common browsers, such as Linux aficionados, it might be a good idea to avoid IE-specific features and use the W3C DOM instead. by Internet Explorer 6, we see that IE implements significant portions of the W3C DOM.
这段话的意思是大多数第三方浏览器只支持W3C的DOM,如果你的网站用户使用其他的浏览器,那么你最好避免使用IE的私有属性。而且IE6也开始支持W3C DOM。
毕竟大多数人还不了解标准,在使用标准前,你还可以在你的网页中用document.all[]访问文档对象前面写到WEB标准,今天继续WEB标准下可以通过getElementById(), getElementsByName(), and getElementsByTagName()访问DOCUMENT中的任一个标签:
1、getElementById()
getElementById()可以访问DOCUMENT中的某一特定元素,顾名思义,就是通过ID来取得元素,所以只能访问设置了ID的元素。
比如说有一个DIV的ID为docid:
<div id="docid"></div>
那么就可以用getElementById("docid")来获得这个元素。
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
" [url]http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd[/url]">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312">
<title>ById</title>
<style type="text/css">
<!--
#docid{
height:400px;
width:400px;
background-color:#999;}
-->
</style>
</head>
<body><div id="docid" name="docname" onClick="bgcolor()"></div>
</body>
</html>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
<!--
function bgcolor(){
document.getElementById("docid").style.backgroundColor="#000"
}
-->
</script>
" [url]http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd[/url]">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312">
<title>ById</title>
<style type="text/css">
<!--
#docid{
height:400px;
width:400px;
background-color:#999;}
-->
</style>
</head>
<body><div id="docid" name="docname" onClick="bgcolor()"></div>
</body>
</html>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
<!--
function bgcolor(){
document.getElementById("docid").style.backgroundColor="#000"
}
-->
</script>
2、getElementsByName()
这个是通过NAME来获得元素,但不知大家注意没有,这个是GET ELEMENTS,复数ELEMENTS代表获得的不是一个元素,为什么呢?
因为DOCUMENT中每一个元素的ID是唯一的,但NAME却可以重复。打个比喻就像人的身份证号是唯一的(理论上,虽然现实中有重复),但名字重复的却很多。如果一个文档中有两个以上的标签NAME相同,那么getElementsByName()就可以取得这些元素组成一个数组。
比如有两个DIV:
<div name="docname" id="docid1"></div>
<div name="docname" id="docid2"></div>
<div name="docname" id="docid2"></div>
那么可以用getElementsByName("docname")获得这两个DIV,用getElementsByName("docname")[0]访问第一个DIV,用getElementsByName("docname")[1]访问第二个DIV。
下面这段话有错,请看forfor的回复,但是很可惜,IE没有支持这个方法,大家有兴趣可以在FIREFOX或NETSCAPE中调试下面这个例子。(我在NETSCAPE7.2英文版和FIREFOX1.0中调试成功。)
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "
[url]http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd[/url]">
<html xmlns=" [url]http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml[/url]">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312">
<title>Byname,tag</title>
<style type="text/css">
<!--
#docid1,#docid2{
margin:10px;
height:400px;
width:400px;
background-color:#999;}
-->
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div name="docname" id="docid1" onClick="bgcolor()"></div>
<div name="docname" id="docid2" onClick="bgcolor()"></div>
</body>
</html>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
<!--
function bgcolor(){
var docnObj=document.getElementsByName("docname");
docnObj[0].style.backgroundColor = "black";
docnObj[1].style.backgroundColor = "black";
}
-->
</script>
<html xmlns=" [url]http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml[/url]">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312">
<title>Byname,tag</title>
<style type="text/css">
<!--
#docid1,#docid2{
margin:10px;
height:400px;
width:400px;
background-color:#999;}
-->
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div name="docname" id="docid1" onClick="bgcolor()"></div>
<div name="docname" id="docid2" onClick="bgcolor()"></div>
</body>
</html>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
<!--
function bgcolor(){
var docnObj=document.getElementsByName("docname");
docnObj[0].style.backgroundColor = "black";
docnObj[1].style.backgroundColor = "black";
}
-->
</script>
3、getElementsByTagName()
这个呢就是通过TAGNAME(标签名称)来获得元素,一个DOCUMENT中当然会有相同的标签,所以这个方法也是取得一个数组。
下面这个例子有两个DIV,可以用getElementsByTagName("div")来访问它们,用getElementsByTagName("div")[0]访问第一个DIV,用
getElementsByTagName("div")[1]访问第二个DIV。
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "
[url]http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd[/url]">
<html xmlns=" [url]http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml[/url]">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312">
<title>Byname,tag</title>
<style type="text/css">
<!--
#docid1,#docid2{
margin:10px;
height:400px;
width:400px;
background-color:#999;}
-->
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div name="docname" id="docid1" onClick="bgcolor()"></div>
<div name="docname" id="docid2" onClick="bgcolor()"></div>
</body>
</html>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
<!--
function bgcolor(){
var docnObj=document.getElementsByTagName("div");
docnObj[0].style.backgroundColor = "black";
docnObj[1].style.backgroundColor = "black";
}
-->
</script>
<html xmlns=" [url]http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml[/url]">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312">
<title>Byname,tag</title>
<style type="text/css">
<!--
#docid1,#docid2{
margin:10px;
height:400px;
width:400px;
background-color:#999;}
-->
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div name="docname" id="docid1" onClick="bgcolor()"></div>
<div name="docname" id="docid2" onClick="bgcolor()"></div>
</body>
</html>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
<!--
function bgcolor(){
var docnObj=document.getElementsByTagName("div");
docnObj[0].style.backgroundColor = "black";
docnObj[1].style.backgroundColor = "black";
}
-->
</script>