死锁以及如何解决死锁

什么是死锁

两个或多个线程持有当前锁不释放，尝试去申请其他线程的锁，且只有申请到其他线程锁时才可以释放当前锁，因此形成死循环，也即是死锁

死锁例子：

// 死锁
public class SolveDeadLockDemo {

    // 锁A
    private static final String LOCK_A = "lock_a";

    // 锁B
    private static final String LOCK_B = "lock_b";


    // 方法A
    public void methodA(){
        synchronized (LOCK_A){


            System.out.println("方法A调用锁A");
            // sleep 交出CPU使用权，不释放锁
            try {
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            
			synchronized (LOCK_B){
            	System.out.println("方法A尝试调用锁B");
        	}
        }

    }


    // 方法B
    public void methodB(){
        synchronized (LOCK_B){


            System.out.println("方法B调用锁B");
            // sleep 交出CPU使用权，不释放锁
            try {
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
			
			synchronized (LOCK_A){
            	System.out.println("方法B尝试调用锁A");
        	}
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("主线程开启+"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
        SolveDeadLockDemo deadLockDemo = new SolveDeadLockDemo();
        
        // 线程A开启
        new Thread(deadLockDemo::methodA).start();
        // 线程B开启
        new Thread(deadLockDemo::methodB).start();
    }


}

解决方法

• 调整申请锁的范围
• 调整申请锁的顺序

// 死锁
public class SolveDeadLockDemo {

    // 锁A
    private static final String LOCK_A = "lock_a";

    // 锁B
    private static final String LOCK_B = "lock_b";


    // 方法A
    public void methodA(){
        synchronized (LOCK_A){


            System.out.println("方法A调用锁A");
            // sleep 交出CPU使用权，不释放锁
            try {
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }

        synchronized (LOCK_B){
            System.out.println("方法A尝试调用锁B");
        }
    }


    // 方法B
    public void methodB(){
        synchronized (LOCK_B){


            System.out.println("方法B调用锁B");
            // sleep 交出CPU使用权，不释放锁
            try {
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }

        synchronized (LOCK_A){
            System.out.println("方法B尝试调用锁A");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("主线程开启+"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
        SolveDeadLockDemo deadLockDemo = new SolveDeadLockDemo();
        
        // 线程A开启
        new Thread(deadLockDemo::methodA).start();
        // 线程B开启
        new Thread(deadLockDemo::methodB).start();
    }


}