知道为什么这样做 ,以及这样做的好处
Spring 介绍
Spring 容器就是用来创建bean对象的容器,对象从Spring容器中获得, 有两大特性 IOC AOP
1. Spring容器的创建
1.1.1 搭建开发环境jar包导入,添加约束
<!-- jdk 1.8 -->
<build>
<plugins>
<!-- maven的编译插件,用于指定我们jdk的版本 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<!-- 依赖包||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| -->
<dependencies>
<!-- log包 4 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.bgee.log4jdbc-log4j2</groupId>
<artifactId>log4jdbc-log4j2-jdbc4.1</artifactId>
<version>1.16</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.7.13</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.5</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring 4个包 |||||||||||||||||||||||||| -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
约束添加 –
为什么这么添加不知道?? 约束的作用 意义是什么?
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
1.1.2 创建容器 applicationContext.xml 容器
<bean id="personid" class="com.ruirui.dao.Person"> </bean>
1.1.3 创建对象代码
//创建spring容器
ApplicationContext applicationContext =new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
//从容器中获取对象
Person bean = (Person) applicationContext.getBean("personid");
System.out.println(bean.toString());
1.2.1 创建Spring对象的三种方式
第一种
第二种 静态工厂获取对象
第三种 实例工厂获取对象
2. 依赖注入
2.1 get set方法注入
<bean id="personid" class="com.ruirui.dao.Person" init-method="init" destroy-method="destory">
<property name="name" value="刘广睿"></property>
<property name="sex" value="男"></property>
<property name="hairColor" value="黑色"></property>
<property name="age" value="27"></property>
</bean>
2.2 构造方法 引用类型注入
<bean id="superperson" class="com.ruirui.dao.SuperPerson">
<property name="name" value="路费"></property>
<property name="address" value="东海"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="personid_two" class="com.ruirui.dao.Person" >
<constructor-arg name="superPerson" ref="superperson"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="name" value="冬雪"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
2.3 set list map properies 注入
<property name="list" >
<list>
<value>1</value>
<value>2</value>
<value>"你好北京"</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="set">
<set>
<value>周杰伦</value>
<value>陈奕迅</value>
</set>
</property>
<property name="map">
<map>
<entry key="tom" value="tom"></entry>
<entry key="mary" value="mary"></entry>
<entry key="rose" value="mary"></entry>
</map>
</property>
<property name="properties">
<props>
<prop key="1">1</prop>
<prop key="2">1</prop>
<prop key="3">1</prop>
</props>
</property>
2.4 p标签 同c标签使用
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="person_p" class="com.ruirui.dao.Person" p:name="索隆" p:age="29"></bean>
<bean id ="superPersonID" class="com.ruirui.dao.SuperPerson" ></bean>
<bean id="person_p_P" class="com.ruirui.dao.Person" c:name="索隆" c:superPerson="#{superPersonID}"></bean>
3. Web整个
3.1 添加两个jar包
<!-- spring 跟 web 整个 需要导入两个依赖包 spring-web servlet包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 导入servlet的包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
3.2 配置监听器
<!-- web-spring 自带的监听器配置 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<!-- 这个有个路径问题 等会部署的时候去tomcat看看 -->
<param-value>classpath:spring_web_bean.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
3.3 从request预中 获取spring容器中所有数据
* Servlet implementation class MyServlet
*/
public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
response.getWriter().append("Served at: ").append(request.getContextPath());
WebApplicationContext attribute = (WebApplicationContext) request.getServletContext().getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE);
SuperPerson bean = (SuperPerson) attribute.getBean("person_p");
System.out.println(bean.toString());
}
4. 注解的使用
4.1 导入注解包
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aop -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
在bean.xml中需要添加约束,并且配置需要扫描的包,告诉spring容器开启注解模式
<!--刚才这里缺一个约束 -->
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
<context:annotation-config />
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ruirui.dao"></context:component-scan>
常用的注解
第一个注解:@component :该类可以被注解创建实例
第二个注解:@Value 给基本数据类型赋值
第三个注解: @Autowired 用于注入对象属性
@Resource 给引用数据类型定义ID
@Controller:用于web层
@Service :用于业务逻辑层
@Reposiroty :用于Dao层
@Autowired+@Qualifier === @Resource
Spring配置文件
<!-- 代表采用注解方式创建实例 -->
<context:annotation-config />
<!-- 扫描这个包下面的所有注解 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ruirui.dao"></context:component-scan>
注解的使用
Person类
@Component(value="person") //person 代表的是对象的ID
public class Person {
@Value(value="100") //value 代表给成员变量赋值
private Integer age;
private String hairColor;
private String sex ;
@Resource(name="superson")
private SuperPerson superPerson; // Person内部的引用数据类型定义id superson
@Component(value="superson")
public class SuperPerson {
public void fly() {
System.out.println("会飞");
}
}