十六、Spring自动装备

一、Spring中三种配置方法的混合使用

项目如下：

pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.liaoxiang</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring_2-5_config_anno_xml</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

spring.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="userDao" class="com.liaoxiang.dao.UserDao"></bean>

</beans>

//@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.liaoxiang")
@ImportResource("classpath:spring.xml")
public class AppConfig {
}

public class UserDao {
    public void find(){
        System.out.println("查询成功！");
    }
}

@Service
public class UserService {
    @Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;

    public void findUser(){
        userDao.find();
    }
}

public class UserController {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);
        UserService userService = (UserService)ac.getBean("userService");
        userService.findUser();
    }
}

执行main方法

二、Spring中的自动装配

项目结构还是如上，修改UserService类

public class UserService {
    private UserDao userDao;
    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }
    public void findUser(){
        userDao.find();
    }
}

使用自动装配：default-autowire="byType"

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"
        default-autowire="byType">

    <bean id="userDao" class="com.liaoxiang.dao.UserDao"></bean>

    <bean id="userService" class="com.liaoxiang.service.UserService"></bean>

</beans>

成功执行main方法，在配置userService的bean标签时，并没有指定注入的userDao对象，Spring框架帮我们进行了自动装配

当UserService中使用的是UserDao的接口的话，且这个接口有多个实现类的时候，spring.xml使用default-autowire="byType"

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"
        default-autowire="byType">

    <bean id="userDao1" class="com.liaoxiang.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl1"></bean>
    <bean id="userDao2" class="com.liaoxiang.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl2"></bean>

    <bean id="userService" class="com.liaoxiang.service.UserService"></bean>

</beans>

执行方法，错误如下：

此时容器中有两个UserDao 的实现类对象，按照类型注入的话，都是UserDao的实现类类型，spring框架就不知道该注入哪一个。
此时可以修改default-autowire="byType"为default-autowire="byName"，按照bean的名称来注入，注入是依赖set方法的，bean的名称是UserService中set方法去掉set后字母小写（setUserDao1 —> userDao1）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"
        default-autowire="byName">

    <bean id="userDao1" class="com.liaoxiang.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl1"></bean>
    <bean id="userDao2" class="com.liaoxiang.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl2"></bean>
    <bean id="userService" class="com.liaoxiang.service.UserService"></bean>

</beans>

public class UserService {
    private UserDao userDao;

    public void setUserDao1(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    public void findUser(){
        userDao.find();
    }
}

修改为方法名为：setUserDao1后执行

修改为setUserDao2后执行

当default-autowire="byType"的时候，也可以在单独的bean标签中指定注入方式，例如：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"
        default-autowire="byType">

    <bean id="userDao1" class="com.liaoxiang.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl1"></bean>
    <bean id="userDao2" class="com.liaoxiang.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl2"></bean>
    <bean id="userService" class="com.liaoxiang.service.UserService" autowire="byName"></bean>

</beans>

指定全局使用byType的方式注入，UserService中的依赖属性使用bybName的方式注入，修改方法名为setUserDao1和setUserDao2运行依然成功