python3.x hex、str、bytes转换(完善ing...)

1. 常用函数整理

hex() - 数字>字符串

解释

将数字转换为十六进制的字符串

input >> print(hex(100))
output >> 0x64  # type:str

输入&输出

type	参数	说明
input	number	int类型数值
output	output	16进制字符

bytes() - 字符串>字节流

解释

将字符串转化为字节流

input >> print(bytes('test', encoding='utf-8'))
output >> b'test' # type:bytes

输入&输出

type	参数	说明
input	string	输入字符串
input	encoding	编码格式，如utf-8
output	output	bytes，如b’\xff\xff’

2. 常用案例分析

int转hex字符串，hex字符串转int

# int -> hex str
number = 13
hex_str = hex(number).replace('0x', '')
print(hex_str) # output: 0xd
# hex str -> int
int_number = int(hex_str, 16)
print(int_number) # output: 13

int 转 hex字符串，hex字符串转bytes

number = 12 + 13
hex_str = hex(number).replace('0x', '')
print(bytes.fromhex(hex_str)) # output: b'\x19'

注意事项

1. bytes.fromhex()转换str需要满两位16进制(8 bits)否则会报错

number = 1
hex_str = hex(number).replace('0x', '') # 0x1
print(hex_str) # output: 1
print(bytes.fromhex(hex_str))
# output:
# 1
# Traceback (most recent call last):
#   File "test.py", line 12, in <module>
#     print(bytes.fromhex(hex_str))
# ValueError: non-hexadecimal number found in fromhex() arg at position 1

解决方案：
在前面填充0补满位数

def fitzero(str, bits):
    length = len(str)
    if length < bits:
        for i in range(bits - length):
            str = '0' + str
    return str

number = 1
hex_str = hex(number).replace('0x', '')
print(bytes.fromhex(fitzero(hex_str, 4)))
# output: b'\x00\x01'

字节流(bytes)拼接

使用+符号拼接，类似与str。与str转过来的bytes需要先选择一种编码格式进行编码

content = headCode + length_bytes + MSG_Heart_Ack_Msg_id + Crc_test + Reserved_test + bytes(json_str, encoding='utf-8')