C#中解析并运行一个本地命令行

 

    前几天我想在一个程序中运行类似这样一个命令行“javac test.java”，环境变量我都设定得好好的，但使用Process.Start时依旧会有找不到文件的异常。后来发现Process.Start函数不支持自动搜索PATH环境变量。很是郁闷。闲着没事，写了个能搜索PATH的运行命令行函数Execute()，详见下面代码。

      /// <summary>

        /// 运行一个命令

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="cmdLine">要运行的命令行</param>

        /// <param name="workDirectory">命令的工作目录</param>

        /// <returns>该命令对应的进程</returns>

        public static Process Execute(string cmdLine, string workDirectory)

        {

            string fileName;

            string args;

            SplitCmdLineIntoFileAndArg(cmdLine, out fileName, out args);

            Process pro = null;

          

            pro = Process.Start(new ProcessStartInfo()

            {

                FileName = fileName,

                Arguments = args,

                WorkingDirectory = workDirectory,

            });

     

            return pro;

        }

 

其中最重要的莫过于如何寻找可执行文件所在路径了。我们知道windows和Linux中都有个环境变量PATH，其中包含了可执行文件的搜索路径，于是寻找可执行文件路径的问题就很容易解决了。这时我又想到：在windows中命令行中的可执行文件的扩展名经常可以被省略。如何才能给文件填上扩展名呢？这要牵扯到另外一个环境变量了——PATHEXT，它包含可执行文件的扩展名，其顺序就是命令行可执行文件的搜索顺序。如此一来整个问题就解决了。其代码如下：

/// <summary>

        /// 把命令行分割为文件名和参数

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="cmdLine">输入的命令行，不能为null</param>

        /// <param name="fileName">输出的文件名</param>

        /// <param name="args">参数</param>

        /// <exception name="FileNotFoundException">找不到相应的可执行文件，命令行无法解析</exception>

        static void SplitCmdLineIntoFileAndArg(string cmdLine, out string fileName, out string args)

        {

            if (cmdLine == null)

                throw new ArgumentNullException("cmdLine", "cmdLine必须是有效的命令行");

            fileName = string.Empty;

            args = string.Empty;

            bool hasFound = false;

            //环境变量path，可执行文件的路径

            string path = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("path")+";.";

            var splitedPath = path.Split(';');

            //环境变量pathext，可执行文件的扩展名

            string pathext = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("pathext");

            string[] splitedPathext = pathext.Split(';');

            //有些系统中可能没有这个变量，那么就忽略扩展名

            if (splitedPathext == null || splitedPathext.Length == 0)

            {

                splitedPathext = new string[] { string.Empty };

            }

 

            for (int i = 0; i <= cmdLine.Length; ++i)

            {

                //命令行由空白字符分割，而可执行文件名就是第一个参数。有可能其路径中包含空白字符，故搜索时还要向后搜索

                if (i == cmdLine.Length || char.IsWhiteSpace(cmdLine, i))

                {

                    hasFound = false;

                    string partFileName=cmdLine.Substring(0,i);

 

                    foreach (string pathx in splitedPath)

                    {

                        fileName = pathx + "\\" + partFileName;

                        if (File.Exists(fileName))

                        {

                            hasFound = true;

                            break;

                        }

                        else

                        {

                            foreach (string pathextx in splitedPathext)

                            {

                                fileName = pathx + "\\" + partFileName + pathextx;

                                if (File.Exists(fileName))

                                {

                                    hasFound = true;

                                    break;

                                }

                            }                           

                        }

                        if (hasFound)

                            break;

                    }

                    if (hasFound)

                    {

                        i++;

                        if (i >= cmdLine.Length)

                            args = string.Empty;

                        else

                            args = cmdLine.Substring(i);

                        break;

                    }

                }

            }

            if (!hasFound)

            {

                throw new FileNotFoundException("无法找到文件\""+cmdLine+'"', cmdLine);

            }

        }

      测试一下：

     static void Main(string[] args)

        {

            Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();

            try

            {

                sw.Start();

                Process pro = Execute("winver", ".");

                sw.Stop();

                Console.WriteLine(pro.StartInfo.FileName + " " + pro.StartInfo.Arguments);

                Console.WriteLine("elapsed:{0}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);

                pro.WaitForExit(10000);

              

            }

            catch(Exception e)

            {

                Console.Error.WriteLine(e.ToString());

            }

           

        }

     运行结果：

C:\windows\system32\winver.EXE

elapsed:77

 

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/pcy0/archive/2009/11/20/cs_execute_cmdline.html