一个简单有效的产生随机数且不重复的小算法--Robert Floyd

created by Robert Floyd

initialize set S to empty
    for J := N-M + 1 to N do
      T := RandInt(1, J)
      if T is not in S then
        insert T in S
      else
        insert J in S

这里N是随机数范围的最大值，M是要选取的随机数的数量

伪代码来源：Jon Bentley's Programming Pearls column "A sample of Brilliance"