利用servlet的监听器实现在线人数监控的功能

1、分析：

做一个网站在线人数统计，可以通过ServletContextListener监听，当Web应用上下文启动时，在ServletContext中添加一个List.用来准备存放在线的用户名，然后通过HttpSessionAttributeListener监听，当用户登录成功，把用户名设置到Session中。同时将用户名方法到ServletContext的List中，最后通过HttpSessionListener监听，当用户注销会话时，讲用户名从应用上下文范围中的List列表中删除。

2、注意事项

测试时，需要启动不同的浏览器来登陆不同的用户，只有点击注销按钮才能减少在线用户，关闭浏览器不能减少在线用户。

3、项目源代码

（1）java代码

OnlineListener类

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1. package com.smalle.listener;  
2.   
3. import java.util.LinkedList;  
4. import java.util.List;  
5.   
6. import javax.servlet.ServletContext;  
7. import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;  
8. import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;  
9. import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener;  
10. import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;  
11. import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;  
12. import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;  
13.   
14. public class OnlineListener implements   
15.     ServletContextListener, HttpSessionAttributeListener, HttpSessionListener {  
16.       
17.     private ServletContext application = null;  
18.   
19.     //应用上下文初始时会回调的方法  
20.     @Override  
21.     public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent e) {  
22.         //初始化一个application对象  
23.         application = e.getServletContext();  
24.         //设置一个列表属性，用于保存在线用户名  
25.         this.application.setAttribute(“online”, new LinkedList<String>());  
26.     }  
27.       
28.     //往会话中添加属性时的回调方法  
29.     @Override  
30.     public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent e) {  
31.         //取得用户名列表  
32.         List<String> onlines = (List<String>) this.application.getAttribute(“online”);  
33.         if(“username”.equals(e.getName())){  
34.             onlines.add((String) e.getValue());  
35.         }  
36.         //将添加后的列表重新设置列application属性中.  
37.         this.application.setAttribute(“online”, onlines);  
38.     }  
39.   
40.     //会话销毁时会回调的方法  
41.     @Override  
42.     public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent e) {  
43.         //取得用户名列表  
44.         List<String> onlines = (List<String>) this.application.getAttribute(“online”);  
45.         //取得当前用户名  
46.         String username = (String) e.getSession().getAttribute(”username”);  
47.         //将此用户从列表中删除  
48.         onlines.remove(username);  
49.         //讲删除后的列表重新设置到application属性中.  
50.         this.application.setAttribute(“online”, onlines);  
51.     }  
52.       
53.     public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent e) {}  
54.     public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent e) {}  
55.     public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent e) {}  
56.     public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent e) {}  
57.   
58. }  

package com.smalle.listener;

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;

public class OnlineListener implements 
    ServletContextListener, HttpSessionAttributeListener, HttpSessionListener {

    private ServletContext application = null;

    //应用上下文初始时会回调的方法
    @Override
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent e) {
        //初始化一个application对象
        application = e.getServletContext();
        //设置一个列表属性，用于保存在线用户名
        this.application.setAttribute("online", new LinkedList<String>());
    }

    //往会话中添加属性时的回调方法
    @Override
    public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent e) {
        //取得用户名列表
        List<String> onlines = (List<String>) this.application.getAttribute("online");
        if("username".equals(e.getName())){
            onlines.add((String) e.getValue());
        }
        //将添加后的列表重新设置列application属性中.
        this.application.setAttribute("online", onlines);
    }

    //会话销毁时会回调的方法
    @Override
    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent e) {
        //取得用户名列表
        List<String> onlines = (List<String>) this.application.getAttribute("online");
        //取得当前用户名
        String username = (String) e.getSession().getAttribute("username");
        //将此用户从列表中删除
        onlines.remove(username);
        //讲删除后的列表重新设置到application属性中.
        this.application.setAttribute("online", onlines);
    }

    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent e) {}
    public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent e) {}
    public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent e) {}
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent e) {}

}

LoginServlet类

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print ?

1. package com.smalle.listener;  
2.   
3. import java.io.IOException;  
4. import java.io.PrintWriter;  
5. import java.util.List;  
6.   
7. import javax.servlet.ServletException;  
8. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;  
9. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;  
10. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;  
11.   
12. public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {  
13.   
14.     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;  
15.   
16.     public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  
17.             throws ServletException, IOException {  
18.         this.doPost(request, response);  
19.     }  
20.    
21.     public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  
22.             throws ServletException, IOException {  
23.         request.setCharacterEncoding(”utf-8”);    //设置响应内容类型  
24.                    
25.                 String username= request.getParameter(”username”);    //获取请求参数中的用户名  
26.            
27.                 //往session中添加属性,会触发HttpSessionAttributeListener中的attributeAdded方法  
28.                 if(username != null && !username.equals(“”)) {    
29.                     request.getSession().setAttribute(”username”,username);      
30.                 }  
31.                 //从应用上下文中获取在线用户名列表  
32.                 List<String> online = (List<String>)getServletContext().getAttribute(”online”);    
33. System.out.println(”LoginServlet” + online);  
34.                 response.setContentType(”text/html;charset=utf-8”);  
35.                 PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();  
36.                 out.println(”“);  
37.                 out.println(”  <title>用户列表</title>”);  
38.                 out.println(”  ”);  
39.                 out.println(”当前用户是：” + username);  
40.                 out.print(”    <hr><h3>在线用户列表</h3>”);  
41.            
42.                 int size = online == null ? 0 : online.size();  
43.                 for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {  
44.                     if(i > 0){  
45.                         out.println(”<br>”);  
46.                     }  
47.                     out.println(i + 1 + “.” + online.get(i));  
48.                 }  
49.                    
50.                 //注意: 要对链接URL进行自动重写处理  
51.                 out.println(”<hr/><a href=\”“ + response.encodeURL(“logoutListener”) + “\”>注销</a>”);  
52.                 out.println(”  ”);  
53.                 out.println(”“);  
54.                 out.flush();  
55.                 out.close();  
56.     }     
57. }  

package com.smalle.listener;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");    //设置响应内容类型

                String username= request.getParameter("username");    //获取请求参数中的用户名

                //往session中添加属性,会触发HttpSessionAttributeListener中的attributeAdded方法
                if(username != null && !username.equals("")) {  
                    request.getSession().setAttribute("username",username);    
                }
                //从应用上下文中获取在线用户名列表
                List<String> online = (List<String>)getServletContext().getAttribute("online");  
System.out.println("LoginServlet" + online);
                response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
                PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
                out.println("");
                out.println("  <title>用户列表</title>");
                out.println("  ");
                out.println("当前用户是：" + username);
                out.print("    <hr><h3>在线用户列表</h3>");

                int size = online == null ? 0 : online.size();
                for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                    if(i > 0){
                        out.println("<br>");
                    }
                    out.println(i + 1 + "." + online.get(i));
                }

                //注意: 要对链接URL进行自动重写处理
                out.println("<hr/><a href=\"" + response.encodeURL("logoutListener") + "\">注销</a>");
                out.println("  ");
                out.println("");
                out.flush();
                out.close();
    }   
}

LogoutServlet类

[java] view plain copy

print ?

1. package com.smalle.listener;  
2.   
3. import java.io.IOException;  
4. import java.io.PrintWriter;  
5. import java.util.List;  
6.    
7. import javax.servlet.ServletException;  
8. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;  
9. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;  
10. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;  
11.   
12. public class LogoutServlet extends HttpServlet{  
13.     public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  
14.             throws ServletException, IOException {  
15.         this.doPost(request, response);  
16.     }  
17.    
18.     public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  
19.             throws ServletException, IOException {  
20.         request.setCharacterEncoding(”utf-8”);    //设置响应内容类型  
21.            
22.         //销毁会话,会触发SessionLinstener中的sessionDestroyed方法  
23.         request.getSession().invalidate();  
24.            
25.         //从应用上下文中获取在线用户名列表  
26.         List<String> online = (List<String>)getServletContext().getAttribute(”online”);      
27.         response.setContentType(”text/html;charset=utf-8”);  
28.         PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();  
29.         out.println(”“);  
30.         out.println(”  <title>用户列表</title>”);  
31.         out.println(”  ”);  
32.         out.print(”    <h3>在线用户列表</h3>”);  
33.    
34.         int size = online == null ? 0 : online.size();  
35.         for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {  
36.             if(i > 0){  
37.                 out.println(”<br>”);  
38.             }  
39.             out.println(i + 1 + “.” + online.get(i));  
40.         }  
41.            
42.         out.println(”<hr><a href=’\’index.html\”>主页</a>”);  
43.         out.println(”  ”);  
44.         out.println(”“);  
45.         out.flush();  
46.         out.close();  
47.     }  
48. }  

package com.smalle.listener;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class LogoutServlet extends HttpServlet{
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");    //设置响应内容类型

        //销毁会话,会触发SessionLinstener中的sessionDestroyed方法
        request.getSession().invalidate();

        //从应用上下文中获取在线用户名列表
        List<String> online = (List<String>)getServletContext().getAttribute("online");    
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        out.println("");
        out.println("  <title>用户列表</title>");
        out.println("  ");
        out.print("    <h3>在线用户列表</h3>");

        int size = online == null ? 0 : online.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            if(i > 0){
                out.println("<br>");
            }
            out.println(i + 1 + "." + online.get(i));
        }

        out.println("<hr><a href='\'index.html\''>主页</a>");
        out.println("  ");
        out.println("");
        out.flush();
        out.close();
    }
}

（2）web.xml代码

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1. <?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“UTF-8”?>  
2. <web-app xmlns:xsi=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance” xmlns=“http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee” xsi:schemaLocation=“http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd” id=“WebApp_ID” version=“3.0”>  
3.   <display-name>testServlet</display-name>  
4.       
5.     <listener>  
6.         <listener-class>com.smalle.listener.OnlineListener</listener-class>  
7.     </listener>  
8.       
9.     <servlet>  
10.         <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>  
11.         <servlet-class>com.smalle.listener.LoginServlet</servlet-class>  
12.     </servlet>  
13.     <servlet-mapping>  
14.         <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>  
15.         <url-pattern>/loginListener</url-pattern>  
16.     </servlet-mapping>  
17.       
18.     <servlet>  
19.         <servlet-name>LogoutServlet</servlet-name>  
20.         <servlet-class>com.smalle.listener.LogoutServlet</servlet-class>  
21.     </servlet>  
22.     <servlet-mapping>  
23.         <servlet-name>LogoutServlet</servlet-name>  
24.         <url-pattern>/logoutListener</url-pattern>  
25.     </servlet-mapping>  
26.           
27.       
28.   <welcome-file-list>  
29.     <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>  
30.   </welcome-file-list>  
31. </web-app>  

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>testServlet</display-name>

    <listener>
        <listener-class>com.smalle.listener.OnlineListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.smalle.listener.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/loginListener</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>LogoutServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.smalle.listener.LogoutServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>LogoutServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/logoutListener</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>


  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

（3）表现层代码

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1. <!DOCTYPE html>  
2. <html>  
3.   <head>  
4.     <title>index.html</title>  
5.     <meta name=“content-type” content=“text/html; charset=UTF-8”>  
6.   
7.   </head>  
8.     
9.   <body>  
10.     <form action=“loginListener” method=“post”>  
11.         用户名：<input type=“text” name=“username”>  
12.     <input type=“submit” value=“登录”><br><br>  
13.     </form>  
14.   
15.   </body>  
16. </html>  

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>index.html</title>
    <meta name="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">

  </head>

  <body>
    <form action="loginListener" method="post">
        用户名：<input type="text" name="username">
    <input type="submit" value="登录"><br><br>
    </form>

  </body>
</html>