详解Scala集合类之数组的语法格式以及简单实例

简介
Scala 语言中提供的数组是用来存储固定大小的同类型元素。声明数组是声明一个就像numbers这样的变量，然后使用 numbers[0]、numbers[1]、…、numbers[99] 来表示一个个单独的变量。数组中某个指定的元素是通过索引来访问的。
数组的第一个元素索引为0，最后一个元素的索引为元素总数减1。
声明数组
数组语法格式：
var z:Array[String] = new ArrayString 或 var z = new ArrayStringz(0) = "Runoob"; z(1) = "Baidu"; z(4/2) = "Google"或var z = Array(“Runoob”, “Baidu”, “Google”)
简单实例
定长数组(Array)
//定义一个长度为10的数值数组 scala> val numberArray=new ArrayInt numberArray: Array[Int] = Array(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) //定义一个长度为10的String类型数组 scala> val strArray=new ArrayString strArray: Array[String] = Array(null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null)//可以看出：复杂对象类型在数组定义时被初始化为null，数值型被初始化为0//数组元素赋值 scala> strArray(0)="First Element" //需要注意的是，val strArray=new ArrayString //这意味着strArray不能被改变，但数组内容是可以改变的 scala> strArray res62: Array[String] = Array(First Element, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null)//另一种定长数组定义方式 //这种调用方式其实是调用其apply方法进行数组创建操作 scala> val strArray2=Array("First","Second") strArray2: Array[String] = Array(First, Second)变长数组(ArrayBuffer)
//要使用ArrayBuffer，先要引入scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer scala> import scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer import scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer//创建String类型ArrayBuffer数组缓冲 scala> val strArrayVar=ArrayBufferString strArrayVar: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[String] = ArrayBuffer()//+=意思是在尾部添加元素 scala> strArrayVar+="Hello" res63: strArrayVar.type = ArrayBuffer(Hello)//+=后面还可以跟多个元素的集合 //注意操作后的返回值 scala> strArrayVar+=("World","Programmer") res64: strArrayVar.type = ArrayBuffer(Hello, World, Programmer)//显示完整数组内容 scala> strArrayVar res65: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[String] = ArrayBuffer(Hello, World, Programmer)//++=用于向数组中追加内容，++=右侧可以是任何集合 //追加Array数组 scala> strArrayVar++=Array("Wllcome","To","XueTuWuYou") res66: strArrayVar.type = ArrayBuffer(Hello, World, Programmer, Wllcome, To, Xue TuWuYou) //追加List scala> strArrayVar++=List("Wellcome","To","XueTuWuYou") res67: strArrayVar.type = ArrayBuffer(Hello, World, Programmer, Wllcome, To, Xue TuWuYou, Wellcome, To, XueTuWuYou)//删除末尾n个元素 scala> strArrayVar.trimEnd(3)scala> strArrayVar res69: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[String] = ArrayBuffer(Hello, World, Programmer, Wllcome, To, XueTuWuYou) ``````//创建整型数组缓冲 scala> var intArrayVar=ArrayBuffer(1,1,2) intArrayVar: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(1, 1, 2)//在数组索引为0的位置插入元素6 scala> intArrayVar.insert(0,6)scala> intArrayVar res72: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(6, 1, 1, 2)//在数组索引为0的位置插入元素7,8,9 scala> intArrayVar.insert(0,7,8,9)scala> intArrayVar res74: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(7, 8, 9, 6, 1, 1,2)//从索引0开始，删除4个元素 scala> intArrayVar.remove(0,4)scala> intArrayVar res77: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(1, 1, 2)//转成定长数组 scala> intArrayVar.toArray res78: Array[Int] = Array(1, 1, 2)//将定长数组转成ArrayBuffer scala> res78.toBuffer res80: scala.collection.mutable.Buffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(1, 1, 2)数组遍历
//to scala> for(i <- 0 to intArrayVar.length-1) println("Array Element: " +intArrayVar(i)) Array Element: 1 Array Element: 1 Array Element: 2 //until scala> for(i <- 0 until intArrayVar.length) println("Array Element: " +intArrayVar(i)) Array Element: 1 Array Element: 1 Array Element: 2//数组方式（推荐使用） scala> for(i <- intArrayVar) println("Array Element: " + i) Array Element: 1 Array Element: 1 Array Element: 2//步长为2 scala> for(i <- 0 until (intArrayVar.length,2)) println("Array Element: " +intA rrayVar(i)) Array Element: 1 Array Element: 2//倒序输出 scala> for( i<- (0 until intArrayVar.length).reverse) println("Array Element: "+ intArrayVar(i)) Array Element: 2 Array Element: 1 Array Element: 1数组转换
//生成新的数组，原数组不变 //缓冲数据转换后产生的仍然是缓冲数组 scala> var intArrayVar2=for(i <- intArrayVar) yield i*2 intArrayVar2: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[Int] = ArrayBuffer(2, 2, 4)//定长数组转转后产生的仍然是定长数组，原数组不变 scala> var intArrayNoBuffer=Array(1,2,3) intArrayNoBuffer: Array[Int] = Array(1, 2, 3)scala> var intArrayNoBuffer2=for(i <- intArrayNoBuffer) yield i*2 intArrayNoBuffer2: Array[Int] = Array(2, 4, 6)//加入过滤条件 scala> var intArrayNoBuffer2=for(i <- intArrayNoBuffer if i>=2) yield i*2 intArrayNoBuffer2: Array[Int] = Array(4, 6)常用运算
//定义一个整型数组 scala> val intArr=Array(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10) intArr: Array[Int] = Array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)//求和 scala> intArr.sum res87: Int = 55 //求最大值 scala> intArr.max res88: Int = 10 scala> ArrayBuffer("Hello","Hell","Hey","Happy").max res90: String = Hey//求最小值 scala> intArr.min res89: Int = 1 //toString()方法 scala> intArr.toString() res94: String = [I@141aba8//mkString()方法 scala> intArr.mkString(",") res96: String = 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10scala> intArr.mkString("<",",",">") res97: String = <1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10>多维数组
//定义2行3列数组 scala> var multiDimArr=Array(Array(1,2,3),Array(2,3,4)) multiDimArr: Array[Array[Int]] = Array(Array(1, 2, 3), Array(2, 3, 4))//获取第一行第三列元素 scala> multiDimArr(0)(2) res99: Int = 3//多维数组的遍历 scala> for(i <- multiDimArr) println( i.mkString(",")) 1,2,3 2,3,4
文章来自:https://www.itjmd.com/news/show-3222.html