Pip 下载速度慢或者访问超时

前言

尝试用Python做一个图片自动处理工具，方便淘宝卖家制作首页图。结果在安装OpenCV的时候就遇到了这种尴尬问题。

问题

根据错误提示可知是访问超时。
或者以下错误时

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\PROJECT\ProcessingImg\venv\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 696, in urlopen
    self._prepare_proxy(conn)
  File "D:\PROJECT\ProcessingImg\venv\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 964, in _prepare_proxy
    conn.connect()
  File "D:\PROJECT\ProcessingImg\venv\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 364, in connect
    conn = self._connect_tls_proxy(hostname, conn)
  File "D:\PROJECT\ProcessingImg\venv\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 501, in _connect_tls_proxy
    socket = ssl_wrap_socket(
  File "D:\PROJECT\ProcessingImg\venv\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\ssl_.py", line 453, in ssl_wrap_socket
    ssl_sock = _ssl_wrap_socket_impl(sock, context, tls_in_tls)
  File "D:\PROJECT\ProcessingImg\venv\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\ssl_.py", line 495, in _ssl_wrap_socket_impl
    return ssl_context.wrap_socket(sock)
  File "C:\Users\SlowFeather\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\ssl.py", line 512, in wrap_socket
    return self.sslsocket_class._create(
  File "C:\Users\SlowFeather\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\ssl.py", line 1070, in _create
    self.do_handshake()
  File "C:\Users\SlowFeather\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\ssl.py", line 1341, in do_handshake
    self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLEOFError: EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:997)

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\PROJECT\ProcessingImg\venv\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 439, in send
    resp = conn.urlopen(
  File "D:\PROJECT\ProcessingImg\venv\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 755, in urlopen
    retries = retries.increment(
  File "D:\PROJECT\ProcessingImg\venv\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\retry.py", line 574, in increment
    raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause))
urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='api.tinify.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /shrink (Caused by SSLError(SSLEOFError(8, 'EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:997)')))

解决

更改Pip下载源即可

国内源

清华：https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

阿里云：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

中国科技大学 https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/

华中理工大学：http://pypi.hustunique.com/

山东理工大学：http://pypi.sdutlinux.org/

豆瓣：http://pypi.douban.com/simple/

临时解决方案

pip install -i 网址 所需要安装的库名
列如

pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple requests

Linux解决方案

Linux下，修改 ~/.pip/pip.conf (没有就创建一个文件夹及文件。文件夹要加“.”，表示是隐藏文件夹)，内容如下：

[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
[install]
trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com

Windows解决方案

windows下，直接在user目录中创建一个pip目录，如：C:\Users\xx\pip，新建文件pip.ini，内容如下：

[global]
trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

Mac解决方案

Mac下，在用户家目录～/.pip/pip.conf文件，内容如下：

[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

参考

1. python pip下载速度慢的解决方法

2. 让PIP源使用国内镜像，提升下载速度和安装成功率。

3. Mac电脑修改pip镜像源