在java中使用dom4j解析xml

虽然Java中已经有了Dom和Sax这两种标准解析方式

但其操作起来并不轻松，对于我这么一个初学者来说，其中部分代码是活生生的恶心

为此，伟大的第三方开发组开发出了Jdom和Dom4j等工具

鉴于目前的趋势，我们这里来讲讲Dom4j的基本用法，不涉及递归等复杂操作

 往maven中添加的dom4j依赖如下：

<dependency>
            <groupId>dom4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.6</version>
        </dependency>

Dom4j的用法很多，官网上的示例有那么点儿晦涩，这里就不写了

首先我们需要出创建一个xml文档，然后才能对其解析

xml文档：

<? xml  version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> < books >     < book  id="001">        < title >Harry Potter</ title >        < author >J K. Rowling</ author >     </ book >     < book  id="002">        < title >Learning XML</ title >        < author >Erik T. Ray</ author >     </ book > </ books >

 

示例一：用List列表的方式来解析xml

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import  java.io.File; import  java.util.List;   import  org.dom4j.Attribute; import  org.dom4j.Document; import  org.dom4j.Element; import  org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;       public  class  Demo {        public  static  void  main(String[] args)  throws  Exception {          SAXReader reader =  new  SAXReader();          File file =  new  File( "books.xml" );          Document document = reader.read(file);          Element root = document.getRootElement();          List<Element> childElements = root.elements();          for  (Element child : childElements) {              //未知属性名情况下              /*List<Attribute> attributeList = child.attributes();              for (Attribute attr : attributeList) {                  System.out.println(attr.getName() + ": " + attr.getValue());              }*/                            //已知属性名情况下              System.out.println( "id: "  + child.attributeValue( "id" ));                            //未知子元素名情况下              /*List<Element> elementList = child.elements();              for (Element ele : elementList) {                  System.out.println(ele.getName() + ": " + ele.getText());              }              System.out.println();*/                            //已知子元素名的情况下              System.out.println( "title"  + child.elementText( "title" ));              System.out.println( "author"  + child.elementText( "author" ));              //这行是为了格式化美观而存在              System.out.println();          }      }   }

 

示例二：使用Iterator迭代器的方式来解析xml

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import  java.io.File; import  java.util.Iterator;   import  org.dom4j.Attribute; import  org.dom4j.Document; import  org.dom4j.Element; import  org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;       public  class  Demo {      public  static  void  main(String[] args)  throws  Exception {          SAXReader reader =  new  SAXReader();          Document document = reader.read( new  File( "books.xml" ));          Element root = document.getRootElement();                    Iterator it = root.elementIterator();          while  (it.hasNext()) {              Element element = (Element) it.next();                            //未知属性名称情况下              /*Iterator attrIt = element.attributeIterator();              while (attrIt.hasNext()) {                  Attribute a  = (Attribute) attrIt.next();                  System.out.println(a.getValue());              }*/                            //已知属性名称情况下              System.out.println( "id: "  + element.attributeValue( "id" ));                            //未知元素名情况下              /*Iterator eleIt = element.elementIterator();              while (eleIt.hasNext()) {                  Element e = (Element) eleIt.next();                  System.out.println(e.getName() + ": " + e.getText());              }              System.out.println();*/                            //已知元素名情况下              System.out.println( "title: "  + element.elementText( "title" ));              System.out.println( "author: "  + element.elementText( "author" ));              System.out.println();          }      } }

 运行结果：

示例三：创建xml文档并输出到文件

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import  java.io.File; import  java.io.FileOutputStream;   import  org.dom4j.Document; import  org.dom4j.DocumentHelper; import  org.dom4j.Element; import  org.dom4j.io.OutputFormat; import  org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;     public  class  Demo {      public  static  void  main(String[] args)  throws  Exception {          Document doc = DocumentHelper.createDocument();          //增加根节点          Element books = doc.addElement( "books" );          //增加子元素          Element book1 = books.addElement( "book" );          Element title1 = book1.addElement( "title" );          Element author1 = book1.addElement( "author" );                    Element book2 = books.addElement( "book" );          Element title2 = book2.addElement( "title" );          Element author2 = book2.addElement( "author" );                    //为子节点添加属性          book1.addAttribute( "id" ,  "001" );          //为元素添加内容          title1.setText( "Harry Potter" );          author1.setText( "J K. Rowling" );                    book2.addAttribute( "id" ,  "002" );          title2.setText( "Learning XML" );          author2.setText( "Erik T. Ray" );                    //实例化输出格式对象          OutputFormat format = OutputFormat.createPrettyPrint();          //设置输出编码          format.setEncoding( "UTF-8" );          //创建需要写入的File对象          File file =  new  File( "D:"  + File.separator +  "books.xml" );          //生成XMLWriter对象，构造函数中的参数为需要输出的文件流和格式          XMLWriter writer =  new  XMLWriter( new  FileOutputStream(file), format);          //开始写入，write方法中包含上面创建的Document对象          writer.write(doc);      } }

 运行结果：