Scala Actor并发编程入门示例

代码

package cn.zxl.actor

import akka.actor.{Actor, ActorRef, ActorSystem, Props}

/**
 * @description:
 * @author: zhangxueliang
 * @create: 2021-05-29 15:51
 * @version: 1.0
 * */
//当我们继承 Actor 后，就是一个 Actor,核心方法 receive 方法重写
class SayHelloActor extends Actor{
  //1. receive 方法，会被该 Actor 的 MailBox(实现了 Runnable 接口)调用
  //2. 当该 Actor 的 MailBox 接收到消息,就会调用 receive
  //3. type Receive = PartialFunction[Any, Unit]
  override def receive:Receive = {
    case "hello" => println("收到 hello, 回应 hello too:)")
    case "ok" => println("收到 ok, 回应 ok too:)")
    case "exit" => {
      println("接收到 exit 指令，退出系统")
      context.stop(self) //停止 actoref
      context.system.terminate()//退出 actorsystem
    }
    case _ => println("匹配不到")
  }
}
object SayHelloActorDemo {
  //1. 先创建一个 ActorSystem, 专门用于创建 Actor
  private val actoryFactory = ActorSystem("actoryFactory")
  //2. 创建一个 Actor 的同时，返回 Actor 的 ActorRef
  // 说明
  //(1) Props[SayHelloActor] 创建了一个 SayHelloActor 实例，使用反射
  //(2) "sayHelloActor" 给 actor 取名
  //(3) sayHelloActorRef:ActorRef 就是 Props[SayHelloActor] 的 ActorRef
  //(4) 创建的 SayHelloActor 实例被 ActorSystme 接管
  private val sayHelloActorRef: ActorRef =
  actoryFactory.actorOf(Props[SayHelloActor],"sayHelloActor")
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    //给 SayHelloActor 发消息(邮箱)
    sayHelloActorRef ! "hello"
    sayHelloActorRef ! "ok"
    sayHelloActorRef ! "ok~"
    //研究异步如何退出 ActorSystem
    sayHelloActorRef ! "exit"
  }
}

pom

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.zxl</groupId>
    <artifactId>scala-demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>scala-demo</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
        <scala.version>2.11.12</scala.version>
        <scala.compat.version>2.11</scala.compat.version>
        <akka.version>2.5.12</akka.version>
        <!--已过时-->
        <scala.actors.version>2.10.0-M6</scala.actors.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!--scala依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.scala-lang</groupId>
            <artifactId>scala-library</artifactId>
            <version>${scala.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--scala 2.11起过时 无法使用-->
        <!--<dependency>
            <groupId>org.scala-lang</groupId>
            <artifactId>scala-actors</artifactId>
            <version>${scala.actors.version}</version>
        </dependency>-->

        <!--akka actor依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.typesafe.akka</groupId>
            <artifactId>akka-actor_${scala.compat.version}</artifactId>
            <version>${akka.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--多进程之间的Actor通信-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.typesafe.akka</groupId>
            <artifactId>akka-remote_${scala.compat.version}</artifactId>
            <version>${akka.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <!--指定源码包和测试包的位置-->
        <sourceDirectory>src/main/scala</sourceDirectory>
        <testSourceDirectory>src/test/scala</testSourceDirectory>
        <plugins>
            <!-- 该插件用于将 Scala 代码编译成 class 文件 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>net.alchim31.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>scala-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.2.2</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <!-- 声明绑定到 maven 的 compile 阶段 -->
                        <goals>
                            <goal>compile</goal>
                            <goal>testCompile</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <args>
                                <arg>-dependencyfile</arg>
                                <arg>${project.build.directory}/.scala_depencencies</arg>
                            </args>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

            <!--maven打包的插件-->
            <!--maven-assembly-plugin 和 maven-shade-plugin都是打包插件。遇到同名文件assembly是覆盖，shade是追加。所以此处选择shade插件-->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.2.1</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>shade</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <filters>
                                <filter>
                                    <artifact>*:*</artifact>
                                    <excludes>
                                        <exclude>META-INF/*.SF</exclude>
                                        <exclude>META-INF/*.DSA</exclude>
                                        <exclude>META-INF/*.RSA</exclude>
                                    </excludes>
                                </filter>
                            </filters>
                            <transformers>
                                <transformer
                                        implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
                                    <resource>reference.conf</resource>
                                </transformer>
                                <!--指定main方法-->
                                <transformer
                                        implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                                    <mainClass>cn.zxl.spark.master.SparkMaster</mainClass>
                                </transformer>
                            </transformers>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

运行结果