[la P5031&hdu P3726] Graph and Queries
Time Limit: 10000/5000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 32768/32768 K (Java/Others)
Problem DescriptionYou are given an undirected graph with N vertexes and M edges. Every vertex in this graph has an integer value assigned to it at the beginning. You're also given a sequence of operations and you need to process them as requested. Here's a list of the possible operations that you might encounter:
1) Deletes an edge from the graph.
The format is [D X], where X is an integer from 1 to M, indicating the ID of the edge that you should delete. It is guaranteed that no edge will be deleted more than once.
2) Queries the weight of the vertex with K-th maximum value among all vertexes currently connected with vertex X (including X itself).
The format is [Q X K], where X is an integer from 1 to N, indicating the id of the vertex, and you may assume that K will always fit into a 32-bit signed integer. In case K is illegal, the value for that query will be considered as undefined, and you should return 0 as the answer to that query.
3) Changes the weight of a vertex.
The format is [C X V], where X is an integer from 1 to N, and V is an integer within the range [-106, 106].
The operations end with one single character, E, which indicates that the current case has ended.
For simplicity, you only need to output one real number - the average answer of all queries.
InputThere are multiple test cases in the input file. Each case starts with two integers N and M (1 <= N <= 2 * 104, 0 <= M <= 6 * 104), the number of vertexes in the graph. The next N lines describes the initial weight of each vertex (-106 <= weight[i] <= 106). The next part of each test case describes the edges in the graph at the beginning. Vertexes are numbered from 1 to N. The last part of each test case describes the operations to be performed on the graph. It is guaranteed that the number of query operations [Q X K] in each case will be in the range [1, 2 * 105], and there will be no more than 2 * 105 operations that change the values of the vertexes [C X V].
There will be a blank line between two successive cases. A case with N = 0, M = 0 indicates the end of the input file and this case should not be processed by your program.
OutputFor each test case, output one real number – the average answer of all queries, in the format as indicated in the sample output. Please note that the result is rounded to six decimal places.
Sample Input
3 3
10
20
30
1 2
2 3
1 3
D 3
Q 1 2
Q 2 1
D 2
Q 3 2
C 1 50
Q 1 1
E
3 3
10
20
20
1 2
2 3
1 3
Q 1 1
Q 1 2
Q 1 3
E
0 0Sample Output
Case 1: 25.000000
Case 2: 16.666667
HintFor the first sample: D 3 -- deletes the 3rd edge in the graph (the remaining edges are (1, 2) and (2, 3)) Q 1 2 -- finds the vertex with the second largest value among all vertexes connected with 1. The answer is 20. Q 2 1 -- finds the vertex with the largest value among all vertexes connected with 2. The answer is 30. D 2 -- deletes the 2nd edge in the graph (the only edge left after this operation is (1, 2)) Q 3 2 -- finds the vertex with the second largest value among all vertexes connected with 3. The answer is 0 (Undefined). C 1 50 -- changes the value of vertex 1 to 50. Q 1 1 -- finds the vertex with the largest value among all vertex connected with 1. The answer is 50. E -- This is the end of the current test case. Four queries have been evaluated, and the answer to this case is (20 + 30 + 0 + 50) / 4 = 25.000. For the second sample, caution about the vertex with same weight: Q 1 1 – the answer is 20 Q 1 2 – the answer is 20 Q 1 3 – the answer is 10.Source
这题很经典,但又有坑——
首先,这题涉及到删边。
删边不方便,这时我们自然会想到删边的反面——加边。
那我们就可以倒着来操作,方便D操作。
但同时,每个点的权值也要从终状态到始状态来变化。
然后,我们就可以用并查集来实现加边操作,就把一条边加上了。
当然,最终状态也存在一些边,刚开始也要连上。
然后,Q操作要求我们查询连通块内第k大,如果k不合法则返回0。
第k大可以用一个平衡树来维护,我用了treap名次树,方便一些。
但是,注意这里的第k大可能有些定义上的模糊,我最后几发就被坑了。
似乎没有人是加了一个“相同点的个数”这个域A掉了的,我也是改用lrj的写法才A了的,这个需要注意一下。
然后第k大不合法,有可能是超出连通块大小,也有可能k<1。
对于C操作,就相当于再某个连通块中先删掉一个点权为w1的点,再加入一个点权为为w2的点,w1,w2就不多说了。
但是无论如何,都要注意,点权的变化顺序是怎样的。
如果就这样写——就T了。
为什么呢?可能会有数据卡“加边”这一个操作。在这里我们需要合并两颗平衡树。
怎么合并?我们采用启发式合并。就是从节点数小的向节点数大的树并。
怎么证明这样操作的时间复杂度是对的?假设树T1有n1个节点,T2有n2个节点,且n1>n2。
那么显然,我们会把T2并到T1里面。复杂度接近于O(n2logn1)。
由于对于原来T2里的每个点,它所在的树的大小至少增大了一倍,所以对于任意节点,它会被移动不超过logn次。
所以总复杂度是O(n(logn)^2)的。
然后。。通过这个题目,学到了treap的启发式合并和删除。。
code:
View Code1 %:pragma GCC optimize(2) 2 #include<bits/stdc++.h> 3 #define LL long long 4 using namespace std; 5 const int N=20005,M=60005,Q=400005; 6 int n,m,q,cas,w[N],fa[N]; 7 char ch; LL ans,cnt; bool vis[M]; 8 struct edg {int x,y;}a[M]; 9 struct opt {char t; int x,k;}o[Q]; 10 class node { 11 private: 12 public: 13 int v,k,s; node* ch[2]; 14 node() {ch[0]=ch[1]=0;} 15 inline void newnode(node* &cu,int v) { 16 cu=new node,cu->v=v,cu->k=rand(),cu->s=1; 17 } 18 inline void update(node* &cu) { 19 cu->s=1; 20 if (cu->ch[0]!=0) cu->s+=cu->ch[0]->s; 21 if (cu->ch[1]!=0) cu->s+=cu->ch[1]->s; 22 } 23 inline void rotate(node* &cu,bool dr) { 24 node* tmp=cu->ch[dr^1]->ch[dr]; 25 cu->ch[dr^1]->ch[dr]=cu; 26 cu=cu->ch[dr^1]; 27 cu->ch[dr]->ch[dr^1]=tmp; 28 update(cu->ch[dr]); 29 update(cu); 30 } 31 inline void insert(node* &cu,int v) { 32 if (cu==0) {newnode(cu,v); return;} 33 bool p=v<=cu->v; 34 insert(cu->ch[p],v); 35 if (cu->ch[p]->k<cu->k) rotate(cu,p^1); 36 else update(cu); 37 } 38 inline void remove(node* &cu,int v) { 39 if (cu==0) return; 40 if (v==cu->v) { 41 if (cu->ch[0]==0&&cu->ch[1]==0) {cu=0; return;} 42 if (cu->ch[0]==0||cu->ch[1]==0) { 43 cu=cu->ch[1]==0?cu->ch[0]:cu->ch[1]; return; 44 } 45 bool p=cu->ch[0]->k>cu->ch[1]->k; 46 rotate(cu,p^1); 47 remove(cu->ch[p^1],v); 48 update(cu); 49 return; 50 } 51 int p=v<=cu->v; 52 remove(cu->ch[p],v); 53 update(cu); 54 } 55 inline int kth(node* cu,int k) { 56 if (k>cu->s||k<1||cu==0) return 0; 57 int s=(cu->ch[0]!=0)?cu->ch[0]->s:0; 58 if (k==s+1) return cu->v; 59 if (k<s+1) return kth(cu->ch[0],k); 60 else return kth(cu->ch[1],k-s-1); 61 } 62 inline void merge(node* &major,node* &minor) { 63 insert(major,minor->v); 64 if (minor->ch[0]!=0) merge(major,minor->ch[0]); 65 if (minor->ch[1]!=0) merge(major,minor->ch[1]); 66 delete(minor),minor=0; 67 } 68 inline void clear(node* &cu) { 69 if (cu->ch[0]!=0) clear(cu->ch[0]); 70 if (cu->ch[1]!=0) clear(cu->ch[1]); 71 delete(cu),cu=0; 72 } 73 }t,*root[N]; 74 inline int read() { 75 int x=0,f=1; ch=getchar(); 76 while (ch<'0'||ch>'9') {if (ch=='-') f=-f; ch=getchar();} 77 while (ch>='0'&&ch<='9') x=x*10+ch-'0',ch=getchar(); 78 return x*f; 79 } 80 inline char readch() { 81 while (ch<'A'||ch>'Z') ch=getchar(); 82 return ch; 83 } 84 inline int get(int x) { 85 return fa[x]==x?x:fa[x]=get(fa[x]); 86 } 87 int main() { 88 srand(2333),cas=0; 89 while (scanf("%d%d",&n,&m)!=EOF&&n) { 90 ans=cnt=q=0,memset(vis,0,sizeof vis); 91 for (int i=1,x; i<=n; i++) w[i]=read(); 92 for (int i=1; i<=m; i++) a[i].x=read(),a[i].y=read(); 93 for ( ; ; ) { 94 o[++q].t=readch(); 95 if (o[q].t=='E') break; 96 o[q].x=read(); 97 if (o[q].t!='D') o[q].k=read(); 98 } 99 for (int i=1,v; i<q; i++) { 100 if (o[i].t=='D') vis[o[i].x]=1; 101 if (o[i].t=='C') swap(w[o[i].x],o[i].k); 102 } 103 for (int i=1; i<=n; i++) { 104 fa[i]=i; if (root[i]!=0) t.clear(root[i]); 105 } 106 for (int i=1,x,y; i<=m; i++) if (!vis[i]) { 107 x=get(a[i].x),y=get(a[i].y); 108 if (x==y) continue; else fa[x]=y; 109 } 110 for (int i=1; i<=n; i++) t.insert(root[get(i)],w[i]); 111 for (int i=q,x,y; i>=1; i--) { 112 if (o[i].t=='D') { 113 x=get(a[o[i].x].x),y=get(a[o[i].x].y); 114 if (x==y) continue; 115 if (root[x]->s>root[y]->s) fa[y]=x,t.merge(root[x],root[y]); 116 else fa[x]=y,t.merge(root[y],root[x]); 117 }else 118 if (o[i].t=='Q'){ 119 cnt++,ans+=(LL)t.kth(root[get(o[i].x)],o[i].k); 120 } 121 else 122 if (o[i].t=='C') { 123 t.remove(root[x=get(o[i].x)],w[o[i].x]); 124 t.insert(root[x],o[i].k); 125 w[o[i].x]=o[i].k; 126 } 127 } 128 printf("Case %d: %.6lf\n",++cas,1.0*ans/cnt); 129 } 130 return 0; 131 }