How to make an Android Spinner with initial text “Select One”

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/867518/how-to-make-an-android-spinner-with-initial-text-select-one


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In Android, I want to use a Spinner that initially (when the user has not made a selection yet) displays the text "Select One". When the user clicks the spinner, the list of items is displayed and the user selects one of the options. After the user has made a selection, the selected item is displayed in the Spinner instead of "Select One".

I have the following code to create a Spinner:

String[] items = new String[] {"One", "Two", "Three"};
Spinner spinner = (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.mySpinner);
ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
            android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item, items);
adapter.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item);
spinner.setAdapter(adapter);

With this code, initially the item "One" is displayed. I could just add a new item "Select One" to the items, but then "Select One" would also be displayed in the dropdown list as first item, which is not what I want.

How can I fix this problem?

share | improve this question
 
1  
Perfect solution lies in this question : stackoverflow.com/questions/9863378/… Just override getDropDownView() method. –   Sourab Sharma  Jun 21 '12 at 12:04

17 Answers

up vote 64 down vote accepted

Here's a general solution that overrides the Spinner view. It overrides setAdapter() to set the initial position to -1, and proxies the supplied SpinnerAdapter to display the prompt string for position less than 0.

This has been tested on Android 1.5 through 4.2, but buyer beware! Because this solution relies on reflection to call the private AdapterView.setNextSelectedPositionInt() and AdapterView.setSelectedPositionInt(), it's not guaranteed to work in future OS updates. It seems likely that it will, but it is by no means guaranteed.

Normally I wouldn't condone something like this, but this question has been asked enough times and it seems like a reasonable enough request that I thought I would post my solution.

/**
 * A modified Spinner that doesn't automatically select the first entry in the list.
 *
 * Shows the prompt if nothing is selected.
 *
 * Limitations: does not display prompt if the entry list is empty.
 */
public class NoDefaultSpinner extends Spinner {

    public NoDefaultSpinner(Context context) {
        super(context);
    }

    public NoDefaultSpinner(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
    }

    public NoDefaultSpinner(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyle);
    }

    @Override
    public void setAdapter(SpinnerAdapter orig ) {
        final SpinnerAdapter adapter = newProxy(orig);

        super.setAdapter(adapter);

        try {
            final Method m = AdapterView.class.getDeclaredMethod(
                               "setNextSelectedPositionInt",int.class);
            m.setAccessible(true);
            m.invoke(this,-1);

            final Method n = AdapterView.class.getDeclaredMethod(
                               "setSelectedPositionInt",int.class);
            n.setAccessible(true);
            n.invoke(this,-1);
        } 
        catch( Exception e ) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    protected SpinnerAdapter newProxy(SpinnerAdapter obj) {
        return (SpinnerAdapter) java.lang.reflect.Proxy.newProxyInstance(
                obj.getClass().getClassLoader(),
                new Class[]{SpinnerAdapter.class},
                new SpinnerAdapterProxy(obj));
    }



    /**
     * Intercepts getView() to display the prompt if position < 0
     */
    protected class SpinnerAdapterProxy implements InvocationHandler {

        protected SpinnerAdapter obj;
        protected Method getView;


        protected SpinnerAdapterProxy(SpinnerAdapter obj) {
            this.obj = obj;
            try {
                this.getView = SpinnerAdapter.class.getMethod(
                                 "getView",int.class,View.class,ViewGroup.class);
            } 
            catch( Exception e ) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }

        public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method m, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
            try {
                return m.equals(getView) && 
                       (Integer)(args[0])<0 ? 
                         getView((Integer)args[0],(View)args[1],(ViewGroup)args[2]) : 
                         m.invoke(obj, args);
            } 
            catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
                throw e.getTargetException();
            } 
            catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }

        protected View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) 
          throws IllegalAccessException {

            if( position<0 ) {
                final TextView v = 
                  (TextView) ((LayoutInflater)getContext().getSystemService(
                    Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE)).inflate(
                      android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item,parent,false);
                v.setText(getPrompt());
                return v;
            }
            return obj.getView(position,convertView,parent);
        }
    }
}
share | improve this answer
 
 
your method very well ,but i found that i choice one item ,not only the text of the item,but also the choice icon are show at the spinner –   pengwang  Apr 30 '11 at 9:23
3  
works in Android 4.0.1 –   Thomas  Jan 24 '12 at 9:27
3  
@emmby Do you have any idea how to clear the selection after the user set it? I tried refactoring the two invoke() calls into a clearSelection() method, but it doesn't really work. Although the popup list shows the formerly-selected item as unselected, the spinner widget still shows it as selected, and if the user selects the same item again, onItemSelected() is not called. –   Qwertie  Apr 18 '12 at 21:34
1  
could some explain how to use above class ? –   Bishan  Dec 19 '12 at 4:47
2  
@DavidDoria You have to use the NoDefaultSpinner class in your layout file. Copy the source from above into your project, e.g. into package com.example.customviews. Now in your layout xml, instead of <Spinner ...> use <com.example.customviews.NoDefaultSpinner ...> The rest of the code can stay the same. Don't forget to add the android:prompt attribute to the <com.example.customviews.NoDefaultSpinner> view in your layout. –   Ridcully  Sep 9 at 11:25
show 5 more comments

I ended up using a Button instead. While a Button is not a Spinner, the behavior is easy to customize.

First create the Adapter as usual:

String[] items = new String[] {"One", "Two", "Three"};
ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
        android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item, items);

Note that I am using the simple_spinner_dropdown_item as the layout id. This will help create a better look when creating the alert dialog.

In the onClick handler for my Button I have:

public void onClick(View w) {
  new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
  .setTitle("the prompt")
  .setAdapter(adapter, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

    @Override
    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

      // TODO: user specific action

      dialog.dismiss();
    }
  }).create().show();
}

And that's it!

share | improve this answer
 
3  
I agree with that answer. Besides, a button much more easy to style than a Spinner. –   Romain Piel  Aug 4 '11 at 14:21
 
nice one, thanks –   Chris Knight  Sep 17 '11 at 23:00
2  
@HRJ you're genius.... works like a charm! the hell with the spinner and its crappy, buggy implementation. –   Daniel  Mar 20 '12 at 2:32
1  
This one wins hands down on simplicity! –   jjm  Oct 5 '12 at 9:21
 
This is the only solution that worked for me, although it's more complex than the one proposed by emmby –  Maragues  Apr 30 at 15:45
show 1 more comments

First, you might be interested in the "prompt" attribute of the Spinner class. See the picture below, "Choose a Planet" is the prompt that can be set in the xml with android:prompt=""

I was going to suggest subclassing Spinner, where you could maintain two adapters internally. One adapter that has the "Select One" option, and the other real adapter (with the actual options), then using the OnClickListener to switch the adapters before the choices dialog is shown.. however after trying implement that idea I've come to the conclusion you cannot receive OnClick events for the widget itself.

You could wrap the spinner in a different view, intercept the clicks on the view, and then tell your CustomSpinner to switch the adapter, but seems like an awful hack.

Do you really need to show "Select One"?

prompt example

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