iOS开发基础知识--碎片13
1:运行程序报the file couldn't be opened because
you don't have permission to view it
解决办法:项目—>targets->build settings->build options->changed the value of the "Compiler for C/C++/Objective-C" to Default Compiler.
2:百度地图引用
1.1如图引用的是.framework形式开发包时,引入的命名空间则是 #import <BaiduMapAPI/BMapKit.h>//引入所有的头文件 #import <BaiduMapAPI/BMKMapView.h>//只引入所需的单个头文件 如果是引入用的是.a形式开发包时,引入的命名空间则是 #import “BMapKit.h" 1.2百度地图现在提供的两个.framework的包,一个是真机一个是测试机,可以使用终端的命令把它合成一个;
3:自定义大头针百度地图
- (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; //百度地图初始化 _mapView=[[BMKMapView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT-NAVBARHEIGHT)]; _mapView.delegate=self; [self.view addSubview:_mapView]; //标出坐标点 [self addPointAnnotation]; } //添加标注 - (void)addPointAnnotation { for (int i=0; i<self.coordinates.count; i++) { coordinateBean *model=self.coordinates[i]; BMKPointAnnotation* pointAnnotation = [[BMKPointAnnotation alloc]init]; CLLocationCoordinate2D coor; coor.latitude = model.latitude; coor.longitude = model.longitude; pointAnnotation.coordinate = coor; //通过title来起到传值的作用 pointAnnotation.title=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",i]; [_mapView addAnnotation:pointAnnotation]; //显示弹出窗 [_mapView selectAnnotation:pointAnnotation animated:YES]; //判断那个是中心,没有则0必传参数 if (i==self.selectIndex) { BMKCoordinateRegion region; 表示范围的结构体 region.center.latitude = model.latitude;// 中心中 region.center.longitude = model.longitude; region.span.latitudeDelta = 0;//经度范围(设置为0.1表示显示范围为0.2的纬度范围) region.span.longitudeDelta = 0;//纬度范围 [_mapView setRegion:region]; } } } //处理自定义弹出视图 - (BMKAnnotationView *)mapView:(BMKMapView *)mapView viewForAnnotation:(id <BMKAnnotation>)annotation { if ([annotation isKindOfClass:[BMKPointAnnotation class]]) { BMKPinAnnotationView *newAnnotationView = [[BMKPinAnnotationView alloc] initWithAnnotation:annotation reuseIdentifier:@"myrenameMark"]; newAnnotationView.pinColor = BMKPinAnnotationColorPurple; newAnnotationView.animatesDrop = YES;// 设置该标注点动画显示 newAnnotationView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:self.mapPointImageName]; //把大头针换成别的图片 int selectIndex=[((BMKPointAnnotation *)annotation).title intValue]; //获得值 coordinateBean *model=[self.coordinates objectAtIndex:[((BMKPointAnnotation *)annotation).title intValue]]; UIView *popView=[[UIView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 3, 100, 20)]; UIImage *img=[UIImage imageNamed:@"mapViewBackground"]; UIEdgeInsets edge=UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 20, 0, 10); img=[img resizableImageWithCapInsets:edge resizingMode:UIImageResizingModeStretch]; UIImageView *myimage=[[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:img]; myimage.frame=CGRectMake(30, 0, 100, 40); myimage.userInteractionEnabled=YES; [popView addSubview:myimage]; //自定义显示的内容 UILabel *driverName = [[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 3, 100, 15)]; driverName.backgroundColor=[UIColor clearColor]; driverName.text=model.title; driverName.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:12]; driverName.textColor = [UIColor blackColor]; driverName.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentLeft; [myimage addSubview:driverName]; UILabel *carName = [[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 18, 100, 15)]; carName.backgroundColor=[UIColor clearColor]; carName.text=model.comments; carName.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:12]; carName.textColor = [UIColor blackColor]; carName.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentLeft; [myimage addSubview:carName]; BMKActionPaopaoView *pView = [[BMKActionPaopaoView alloc]initWithCustomView:popView]; pView.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 40); ((BMKPinAnnotationView*)newAnnotationView).paopaoView = nil; ((BMKPinAnnotationView*)newAnnotationView).paopaoView = pView; newAnnotationView.tag=selectIndex+10; return newAnnotationView; } return nil; } - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated. } /** * @author wujunyang, 15-05-12 13:05:05 * * @brief 跟对百度地图的处理 * @param animated <#animated description#> */ -(void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated { [_mapView viewWillAppear]; _mapView.delegate=self; _locationService.delegate=self; } /** * @author wujunyang, 15-01-06 10:01:53 * * 跟对百度地图的处理 * * @param animated <#animated description#> */ -(void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated { [_mapView viewWillDisappear]; _mapView.delegate=nil; _locationService.delegate=nil; } 其中有个自定义model: @interface coordinateBean : NSObject //纬度 @property(assign,nonatomic)float latitude; //经度 @property(assign,nonatomic)float longitude; //标题 @property(strong,nonatomic)NSString *title; //注解 @property(strong,nonatomic)NSString *comments; @end
4:自动隐藏和显示工具栏和导航条
toolbar属性、toolbarItems与上一讲的navigationBar、navigationItem类似。只不过toolbarItems没有navigationItem的左右区分,它就自己一个人在做事,相当于没有下属。可以在toolbar上设置很多,比如背景颜色、背景图片、背景样式、大小位置(不过有些貌似设置无效),当然和navigationBar一样,对于它的是否显示和隐藏是由它的老爸即navigationController控制的。 所以[self.navigationController setNavigationBarHidden:YES animated:YES];也会把底部的toolBarItems给隐藏起来,如果要隐藏导航又不想底部toolBarItems被隐藏掉,可以用普通的view替代toolBarItems; 首先在viewDidLoad里设置toolBarHidden = NO, 默认是YES(隐藏的) 为了让toolbar显示,需要设置为NO(不隐藏)。 - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; self.title = @"隐藏导航栏"; // self.toolbarItems self.navigationController.toolbar.barStyle = self.toolBar.barStyle; self.navigationController.toolbarHidden = NO; [self.navigationController.toolbar setTranslucent:YES]; self.toolbarItems = [[[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithArray:self.toolBar.items] autorelease]; } 在点击中间button的时候的显示和隐藏navigation bar和toolBar 实现代码如下: - (IBAction)toggleNavigationBar:(id)sender { //Check the current state of the navigation bar... BOOL navBarState = [self.navigationController isNavigationBarHidden]; //Set the navigationBarHidden to the opposite of the current state. [self.navigationController setNavigationBarHidden:!navBarState animated:YES]; [self.navigationController setToolbarHidden:!navBarState animated:YES]; //Change the label on the button. if (navBarState) { [button setTitle:@"隐藏 Navigationr and toolbar" forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [button setTitle:@"隐藏 Navigation Bar toolbar" forState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; } else { [button setTitle:@"显示 Navigation Bar toolbar" forState:UIControlStateNormal]; [button setTitle:@"显示 Navigation Bar toolbar" forState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; } }
5:View代码结构的一些建议
在viewDidload里面只做addSubview的事情,然后在viewWillAppear里面做布局的事情,最后在viewDidAppear里面做Notification的监听之类的事情。至于属性的初始化,则交给getter去做。 @interface CustomObject() @property (nonatomic, strong) UILabel *label; @end @implement #pragma mark - life cycle - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; [self.view addSubview:self.label]; } - (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated { [super viewWillAppear:animated]; self.label.frame = CGRectMake(1, 2, 3, 4); } #pragma mark - getters and setters - (UILabel *)label { if (_label == nil) { _label = [[UILabel alloc] init]; _label.text = @"1234"; _label.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:12]; ... ... } return label; } @end 注意:*重点,在get方法里面不能写self.noLabel;千万不要用“点”语法,这样会造成get方法死循环,因为“点”语法就是调用的get方法,所以要用下划线属性名的方法得到对象(在内存这其实是一个指针)。
@interface MasonryViewController () @property(nonatomic,strong)UIView *conView; @property(nonatomic,assign)int intstate; @end @implementation MasonryViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; [self.view addSubview:self.conView]; } //懒加载 -(UIView *)conView { if(_conView==nil) { _conView=[[UIView alloc]init]; _conView.backgroundColor=[UIColor redColor]; } return _conView; } -(int)intstate { _intstate=0; return _intstate; } //布局约束 -(void)viewDidLayoutSubviews { [self.conView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) { make.top.equalTo(self.view.mas_top).with.offset(100); make.left.equalTo(self.view.mas_left).with.offset(60); make.right.equalTo(self.view.mas_right).with.offset(0); make.height.equalTo(@50); }]; } - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; }
6: iOS中的生成随机数方法
生成0-x之间的随机正整数 int value =arc4random_uniform(x + 1); 生成随机正整数 int value = arc4random() 通过arc4random() 获取0到x-1之间的整数的代码如下: int value = arc4random() % x; 获取1到x之间的整数的代码如下: int value = (arc4random() % x) + 1; 最后如果想生成一个浮点数,可以在项目中定义如下宏: #define ARC4RANDOM_MAX 0x100000000 然后就可以使用arc4random() 来获取0到100之间浮点数了(精度是rand()的两倍),代码如下: double val = floorf(((double)arc4random() / ARC4RANDOM_MAX) * 100.0f); 实例(从数组中随机显示出一个背景图,再通过网络加载显示出来): self.bgView=[[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT)]; self.bgView.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"AppBg"]; [self.view addSubview:self.bgView]; [self.view sendSubviewToBack:self.bgView]; NSDictionary *params=[[NSDictionary alloc] init]; [[HomeMainNetAPIManager sharedManager] getBackgroundImage:params andBlock:^(id data, NSError *error) { if (!error&&data) { BackgroundImageBean *groundImagebean =(BackgroundImageBean *)data; int dataNum=groundImagebean.data.count; if (groundImagebean.data&&dataNum>0) { int r=arc4random_uniform(dataNum); GroundImageBean *curBean=groundImagebean.data[r]; [self.bgView sd_setImageWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:curBean.ImgUrl] placeholderImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"AppBg"] completed:^(UIImage *image, NSError *error, SDImageCacheType cacheType, NSURL *imageURL) { dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ self.bgView.image=image; }); }]; } } }];
7:沙盒路径知识整理
模拟器的路径从之前的~/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator移动到了~/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/ 文件都在个人用户名文件夹下的一个隐藏文件夹里,中文叫资源库,他的目录其实是Library。 因为应用是在沙箱(sandbox)中的,在文件读写权限上受到限制,只能在几个目录下读写文件: Documents:应用中用户数据可以放在这里,iTunes备份和恢复的时候会包括此目录 tmp:存放临时文件,iTunes不会备份和恢复此目录,此目录下文件可能会在应用退出后删除 Library/Caches:存放缓存文件,iTunes不会备份此目录,此目录下文件不会在应用退出删除 iTunes在与iPhone同步时,备份所有的Documents和Library文件。 iPhone在重启时,会丢弃所有的tmp文件。 查看方法: 方法1、可以设置显示隐藏文件,然后在Finder下直接打开。设置查看隐藏文件的方法如下:打开终端,输入命名 (1)显示Mac隐藏文件的命令:defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles -bool true (2)隐藏Mac隐藏文件的命令:defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles -bool false (3)输完单击Enter键,退出终端,重新启动Finder就可以了 重启Finder:鼠标单击窗口左上角的苹果标志-->强制退出-->Finder--> 现在能看到资源库文件夹了。 打开资源库后找到/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/文件夹。这里面就是模拟器的各个程序的沙盒目录了。 方法2、这种方法更方便,在Finder上点->前往->前往文件夹,输入/Users/username/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/ 前往。 username这里写用户名。 自定义类返回各目录路径: #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface ICSandboxHelper : NSObject + (NSString *)homePath; // 程序主目录,可见子目录(3个):Documents、Library、tmp + (NSString *)appPath; // 程序目录,不能存任何东西 + (NSString *)docPath; // 文档目录,需要ITUNES同步备份的数据存这里,可存放用户数据 + (NSString *)libPrefPath; // 配置目录,配置文件存这里 + (NSString *)libCachePath; // 缓存目录,系统永远不会删除这里的文件,ITUNES会删除 + (NSString *)tmpPath; // 临时缓存目录,APP退出后,系统可能会删除这里的内容 + (BOOL)hasLive:(NSString *)path; //判断目录是否存在,不存在则创建 实现代码: #import "ICSandboxHelper.h" @implementation ICSandboxHelper + (NSString *)homePath{ return NSHomeDirectory(); } + (NSString *)appPath { NSArray * paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSApplicationDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES); return [paths objectAtIndex:0]; } + (NSString *)docPath { NSArray * paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES); return [paths objectAtIndex:0]; } + (NSString *)libPrefPath { NSArray * paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSLibraryDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES); return [[paths objectAtIndex:0] stringByAppendingFormat:@"/Preference"]; } + (NSString *)libCachePath { NSArray * paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSLibraryDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES); return [[paths objectAtIndex:0] stringByAppendingFormat:@"/Caches"]; } + (NSString *)tmpPath {return [NSHomeDirectory() stringByAppendingFormat:@"/tmp"]; } + (BOOL)hasLive:(NSString *)path { if ( NO == [[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath:path] ) { return [[NSFileManager defaultManager] createDirectoryAtPath:path withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:NULL]; } return NO;