[Lua实战]【lua工具类】lua-table 和 string 和 json 的相互转换...

1.lua table

Lua table(表)

table 是 Lua 的一种数据结构用来帮助我们创建不同的数据类型，如：数组、字典等。

Lua table 使用关联型数组，你可以用任意类型的值来作数组的索引，但这个值不能是 nil。

Lua table 是不固定大小的，你可以根据自己需要进行扩容。

Lua也是通过table来解决模块（module）、包（package）和对象（Object）的。
例如string.format表示使用"format"来索引table string。

2.string

String就是C++、java、VB等编程语言中的字符串，用双引号引起来的几个字符，如"Abc",“一天”.

3.json

简单地说，JSON 可以将 JavaScript
对象中表示的一组数据转换为字符串，然后就可以在网络或者程序之间轻松地传递这个字符串，并在需要的时候将它还原为各编程语言所支持的数据格式，例如在
PHP 中，可以将 JSON 还原为数组或者一个基本对象。在用到AJAX时，如果需要用到数组传值，这时就需要用JSON将数组转化为字符串.

一些合法的JSON的实例：

{“a”: 1, “b”: [1, 2, 3]} [1, 2, “3”, {“a”: 4}]

4.lua中的写法

Utils = {}
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Lua-Table 与 string 转换
local function value2string(value, isArray)
    if type(value)=='table' then
       return Utils.table2string(value, isArray)
    elseif type(value)=='string' then
        return "\""..value.."\""
    else
       return tostring(value)
    end
end

function Utils.string2table(str)
    if str == nil or type(str) ~= "string" or str == "" then
        return {}
    end
    --若报错bad argument #1 to 'loadstring' ... ，把loadstring改为load即可
    --return loadstring("return " .. str)()
	return load("return " .. str)()
end

function Utils.table2string(t, isArray)
    if t == nil then return "" end
    local sStart = "{"

    local i = 1
    for key,value in pairs(t) do
        local sSplit = ","
        if i==1 then
            sSplit = ""
        end

        if isArray then
            sStart = sStart..sSplit..value2string(value, isArray)
        else
            if type(key)=='number' or type(key) == 'string' then
                sStart = sStart..sSplit..'['..value2string(key).."]="..value2string(value)
            else
                if type(key)=='userdata' then
                    sStart = sStart..sSplit.."*s"..Utils.table2string(getmetatable(key)).."*e".."="..value2string(value)
                else
                    sStart = sStart..sSplit..key.."="..value2string(value)
                end
            end
        end

        i = i+1
    end

	sStart = sStart.."}"
	return sStart
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Lua-Table 与 json 转换
local function json2true(str, from, to)
    return true, from + 3
end

local function json2false(str, from, to)
    return false, from + 4
end

local function json2null(str, from, to)
    return nil, from + 3
end

local function json2nan(str, from, to)
    return nil, from + 2
end

local numberchars = {
    ['-'] = true,
    ['+'] = true,
    ['.'] = true,
    ['0'] = true,
    ['1'] = true,
    ['2'] = true,
    ['3'] = true,
    ['4'] = true,
    ['5'] = true,
    ['6'] = true,
    ['7'] = true,
    ['8'] = true,
    ['9'] = true,
}

local function json2number(str, from, to)
    local i = from + 1
    while (i <= to) do
        local char = string.sub(str, i, i)
        if not numberchars[char] then
            break
        end
        i = i + 1
    end
    local num = tonumber(string.sub(str, from, i - 1))
    if not num then
        return
    end
    return num, i - 1
end

local function json2string(str, from, to)
    local ignor = false
    for i = from + 1, to do
        local char = string.sub(str, i, i)
        if not ignor then
            if char == '\"' then
                return string.sub(str, from + 1, i - 1), i
            elseif char == '\\' then
                ignor = true
            end
        else
            ignor = false
        end
    end
end

local function json2array(str, from, to)
    local result = {}
    from = from or 1
    local pos = from + 1
    local to = to or string.len(str)
    while (pos <= to) do
        local char = string.sub(str, pos, pos)
        if char == '\"' then
            result[#result + 1], pos = json2string(str, pos, to)
        --[[    elseif char == ' ' then
        
        elseif char == ':' then
        
        elseif char == ',' then]]
        elseif char == '[' then
            result[#result + 1], pos = json2array(str, pos, to)
        elseif char == '{' then
            result[#result + 1], pos = Utils.json2table(str, pos, to)
        elseif char == ']' then
            return result, pos
        elseif (char == 'f' or char == 'F') then
            result[#result + 1], pos = json2false(str, pos, to)
        elseif (char == 't' or char == 'T') then
            result[#result + 1], pos = json2true(str, pos, to)
        elseif (char == 'n') then
            result[#result + 1], pos = json2null(str, pos, to)
        elseif (char == 'N') then
            result[#result + 1], pos = json2nan(str, pos, to)
        elseif numberchars[char] then
            result[#result + 1], pos = json2number(str, pos, to)
        end
        pos = pos + 1
    end
end

local function string2json(key, value)
    return string.format("\"%s\":\"%s\",", key, value)
end

local function number2json(key, value)
    return string.format("\"%s\":%s,", key, value)
end

local function boolean2json(key, value)
    value = value == nil and false or value
    return string.format("\"%s\":%s,", key, tostring(value))
end

local function array2json(key, value)
    local str = "["
    for k, v in pairs(value) do
        str = str .. Utils.table2json(v) .. ","
    end
    str = string.sub(str, 1, string.len(str) - 1) .. "]"
    return string.format("\"%s\":%s,", key, str)
end

local function isArrayTable(t)
    if type(t) ~= "table" then
        return false
    end
    
    local n = #t
    for i, v in pairs(t) do
        if type(i) ~= "number" then
            return false
        end
        
        if i > n then
            return false
        end
    end
    return true
end

local function table2json(key, value)
    if isArrayTable(value) then
        return array2json(key, value)
    end
    local tableStr = Utils.table2json(value)
    return string.format("\"%s\":%s,", key, tableStr)
end

function Utils.json2table(str, from, to)
    local result = {}
    from = from or 1
    local pos = from + 1
    local to = to or string.len(str)
    local key
    while (pos <= to) do
        local char = string.sub(str, pos, pos)
        if char == '\"' then
            if not key then
                key, pos = json2string(str, pos, to)
            else
                result[key], pos = json2string(str, pos, to)
                key = nil
            end
        --[[    elseif char == ' ' then
        
        elseif char == ':' then
        
        elseif char == ',' then]]
        elseif char == '[' then
            if not key then
                key, pos = json2array(str, pos, to)
            else
                result[key], pos = json2array(str, pos, to)
                key = nil
            end
        elseif char == '{' then
            if not key then
                key, pos = Utils.json2table(str, pos, to)
            else
                result[key], pos = Utils.json2table(str, pos, to)
                key = nil
            end
        elseif char == '}' then
            return result, pos
        elseif (char == 'f' or char == 'F') then
            result[key], pos = json2false(str, pos, to)
            key = nil
        elseif (char == 't' or char == 'T') then
            result[key], pos = json2true(str, pos, to)
            key = nil
        elseif (char == 'n') then
            result[key], pos = json2null(str, pos, to)
            key = nil
        elseif (char == 'N') then
            result[key], pos = json2nan(str, pos, to)
            key = nil
        elseif numberchars[char] then
            if not key then
                key, pos = json2number(str, pos, to)
            else
                result[key], pos = json2number(str, pos, to)
                key = nil
            end
        end
        pos = pos + 1
    end
end

--json格式中表示字符串不能使用单引号
local jsonfuncs = {
    ['\"'] = json2string,
    ['['] = json2array,
    ['{'] = Utils.json2table,
    ['f'] = json2false,
    ['F'] = json2false,
    ['t'] = json2true,
    ['T'] = json2true,
}

function Utils.json2lua(str)
    local char = string.sub(str, 1, 1)
    local func = jsonfuncs[char]
    if func then
        return func(str, 1, string.len(str))
    end
    if numberchars[char] then
        return json2number(str, 1, string.len(str))
    end
end

function Utils.table2json(tab)
    local str = "{"
    for k, v in pairs(tab) do
        if type(v) == "string" then
            str = str .. string2json(k, v)
        elseif type(v) == "number" then
            str = str .. number2json(k, v)
        elseif type(v) == "boolean" then
            str = str .. boolean2json(k, v)
        elseif type(v) == "table" then
            str = str .. table2json(k, v)
        end
    end
    str = string.sub(str, 1, string.len(str) - 1)
    return str .. "}"
end

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Lua-Table 与 string / json 转换
function Main() 
    local str0 = '{[1]=2,["name"]="dong"}'
    print("source-table",str0)

    local table1 = Utils.string2table(str0)

    local jsonstr1 = Utils.table2json(table1)
    print("table2json",jsonstr1)

    local table2 = Utils.json2table(jsonstr1)

    local str2 = Utils.table2string(table2,false)
    print("table2string",str2)
end
Main()

5.在线运行结果…

6.参考/在线工具:

参考
在线工具