初始SpringMVC(贰)-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/abc98526/article/details/124730016

4.使用注解开发SpringMVC

新建一个javaWeb项目,由于可以能资源导不出的问题我们现在Maven配置中加入

<build>
   <resources>
       <resource>
           <directory>src/main/java</directory>
           <includes>
               <include>**/*.properties</include>
               <include>**/*.xml</include>
           </includes>
           <filtering>false</filtering>
       </resource>
       <resource>
           <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
           <includes>
               <include>**/*.properties</include>
               <include>**/*.xml</include>
           </includes>
           <filtering>false</filtering>
       </resource>
   </resources>
</build>

配置web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">


    <!--1.注册servlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--通过初始化参数指定SpringMVC配置文件的位置，进行关联-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!-- 启动顺序，数字越小，启动越早 -->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>


    <!--所有请求都会被springmvc拦截 -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

配置关联的Spring文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">


    <!-- 自动扫描包，让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.xiao.controller"/>
    <!-- 让Spring MVC不处理静态资源 -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <!-- 支持mvc注解驱动 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>


    <!-- 视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
          id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 前缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <!-- 后缀 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>


</beans>

编写Controllor控制器

package com.xiao.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class HelloController {

    //相当于真实访问路径http://localhost:8080/h1
    @RequestMapping("/h1")
    public String hello(Model model){
        //封装数据
        model.addAttribute("msg","HelloMvc");
        return "hello";//会被视图解析器处理
    }
}

编写页面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>

5.Controller配置总结

第一种Controller控制器：

1.实现Controller接口

package org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

//实现了这个接口就代表是一个控制器
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Controller {
    //用来接收一个请求,并且返回一个模型视图
    @Nullable
    ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception;
}

2.编写实现Controller接口的类

package com.xiao.controller;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

//只要实现了Controller的类说明这就是一个控制器
public class test implements Controller {
    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("msg", "Hello");
        modelAndView.setViewName("test");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

3.配置映射(bean)

<bean id="/hello" class="com.xiao.controller.test"/>

4.编写页面


<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}

</body>
</html>

第二种使用注解Controller控制器：

package com.xiao.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;


@Controller //代表这个类会被spring接管，被这个注解注解的类如果返回的是String类型就会经过视图解析器
public class test02 {

    @RequestMapping("/test")
    public String test(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("msg","帅气");
        return "test";
    }


}

6.RestFul风格

概述:RestFul风格就是资源定位以及资源操作的风格,不是标准,也不是协议,仅仅就是一个风格,基于这个风格设计的软件可以更加简洁更加具有层次,根易于实现缓存等机制

功能：

资源:互联网所有的事务都可以被抽象为功能
资源操作:使用POST,DELETE,PUT,GET,使用不同的方法对资源进行操作
分别对应:添加,删除,修改,查询

传统方式操作资源:通过不同的参数来达到不同的效果如:GET与POST

http://127.0.0.1/item/queryltem.action?id=1 查询,GET
http://127.0.0.1/item/saveltem.action 新增POST
http://127.0.0.1/item/updateltem.action 跟新POST
http://127.0.0.1/item/deleteltem.action?id=1 删除DELETE GET或POST

RestFul风格:可以通过不同的请求方式来实现不同的效果!如下请求地址一样请求方式不一样:

http://127.0.0.1/item/1 查询.GET
http://127.0.0.1/item/新增.POST
http://127.0.0.1/item/跟新.PUT
http://127.0.0.1/item/1 删除.DELETE

代码:

    @RequestMapping( path="/test/{aa}/{bb}",method= RequestMethod.GET) //请求的路径,使用参数获取的时候必须要加上:@PathVariable int aa等!
    public String test(@PathVariable int aa,@PathVariable int bb, Model model){
        int b1 =aa+ bb;
        model.addAttribute("msg","a+b的总和是:"+b1);
        return "test";
    }

可简化注解为:

    @GetMapping("/test/{aa}/{bb}") //请求的路径,使用参数获取的时候必须要加上:@PathVariable int aa等!
    public String test(@PathVariable int aa,@PathVariable int bb, Model model){
        int b1 =aa+ bb;
        model.addAttribute("msg","a+b的总和是:"+b1);
        return "test";
    }

测试:

7.重定向与转发

使用SpringMVC实现转发的时候需要将视图解析器注释掉:

    @GetMapping("/mt/q1")
    public String test01(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse reqs, Model module) throws IOException {
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        module.addAttribute("msg",session.getId());
        //转发
        return "/test.jsp";
    }

    @GetMapping("/mt/q2")
    public String test02(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse reqs, Model module) throws IOException {
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        module.addAttribute("msg",session.getId());
        //转发方式二
        return "forward:/test.jsp";
    }

    @GetMapping("/mt/q3")
    public String test03(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse reqs, Model module) throws IOException {
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        module.addAttribute("msg",session.getId());
        //重定向
        return "redirect:/test.jsp";
    }

注意:只有程序中的转发才能到WEB-INF文件夹下而重定向不行！