早就听说requests的库的强大,只是还没有接触,今天接触了一下,发现以前使用urllib,urllib2等方法真是太搓了……
这里写些简单的使用初步作为一个记录
安装
http://cn.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/install.html#install
发送无参数的get请求
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 | r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get') print r.text ''' { "args": {}, "headers": { "Accept": "*/*", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", "Connection": "close", "Host": "httpbin.org", "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.3.0 CPython/2.6.6 Windows/7", "X-Request-Id": "8a28bbea-55cd-460b-bda3-f3427d66b700" }, "origin": "124.192.129.84", "url": "http://httpbin.org/get" ''' <!-- more --> # 发送带参数的get请求,将key与value放入一个字典中,通过params参数来传递,其作用相当于urllib.urlencode ``` python >>> import requests >>> pqyload = {'q':'杨彦星'} >>> r = requests.get('http://www.so.com/s',params = pqyload) >>> r.url u'http://www.so.com/s?q=%E6%9D%A8%E5%BD%A6%E6%98%9F' |
发送post请求,通过data参数来传递,
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 | >>> payload = {'a':'杨','b':'hello'} >>> r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload) >>> print r.text { "args": {}, "data": "", "files": {}, "form": { "a": "u6768", "b": "hello" }, "headers": { "Accept": "*/*", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", "Connection": "close", "Content-Length": "19", "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "Host": "httpbin.org", "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.3.0 CPython/2.6.6 Windows/7", "X-Request-Id": "c81cb937-04b8-4a2d-ba32-04b5c0b3ba98" }, "json": null, "origin": "124.192.129.84", "url": "http://httpbin.org/post" } >>> |
可以看到,post参数已经传到了form里,data不光可以接受字典类型的数据,还可以接受json等格式
1 2 3 4 | >>> payload = {'a':'杨','b':'hello'} >>> import json >>> r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=json.dumps(payload)) |
发送文件的post类型
这个相当于向网站上传一张图片,文档等操作,这时要使用files参数
1 2 3 4 | >>> url = 'http://httpbin.org/post' >>> files = {'file': open('touxiang.png', 'rb')} >>> r = requests.post(url, files=files) |
定制headers,使用headers参数来传递
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | >>> import json >>> url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint' >>> payload = {'some': 'data'} >>> headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'} >>> r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload), headers=headers) |
响应内容
响应状态码
r = requests.get(‘http://httpbin.org/get‘)
print r.status_code
响应头
1 2 3 | >>> print r.headers {'content-length': '519', 'server': 'gunicorn/18.0', 'connection': 'keep-alive', 'date': 'Sun, 15 Jun 2014 14:19:52 GMT', 'access-control-allow-origin': '*', 'content-type': 'application/json'} |
也可以取到这个个别的响应头用来做一些判断,这里的参数是不区分大小写的
r.headers[‘Content-Type’]
r.headers.get(‘Content-Type’)
响应内容,前面已经在应用了
r.text
r.content
获取响应中的cookies
1 2 3 4 | >>> r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com') >>> r.cookies['BAIDUID'] 'D5810267346AEFB0F25CB0D6D0E043E6:FG=1' |
也可以自已定义请求的COOKIES
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | >>> url = 'http://httpbin.org/cookies' >>> cookies = {'cookies_are':'working'} >>> r = requests.get(url,cookies = cookies) >>> >>> print r.text { "cookies": { "cookies_are": "working" } } >>> |
cookies还有很多,因为目前我也还不是很多,以后再扩充吧
使用timeout参数设置超时时间
1 2 | >>> requests.get('http://github.com', timeout=1) <Response [200]> |
如果将时间设置成非常小的数,如requests.get(‘http://github.com’, timeout=0.001),那么如果在timeout的时间内没有连接,那么将会抛出一个Timeout的异常
访问中使用session
先初始化一个session对象,s = requests.Session()
然后使用这个session对象来进行访问,r = s.post(url,data = user)
参考文章 http://blog.csdn.net/iloveyin/article/details/21444613 基本上都是从这扒的代码
以下通过访问人人网来获取首页中的最近来访问,然后再访问查看更多的来访来读取更多的最近来访
20151029更新,和美女刘巍进行讨论,由于很久没有登录人人网,它的登录页面与获得最近来访的页面都有所变动,登录时的url是http://www.renren.com/ajaxLogin/login 获取最近来访是http://www.renren.com/myfoot/whoSeenMe
更多的来访就是以带session的访问http://www.renren.com/myfoot/whoSeenMe
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 | #coding:utf-8 import requests import re url = r'http://www.renren.com/ajaxLogin/login' user = {'email':'email','password':'pass'} s = requests.Session() r = s.post(url,data = user) html = r.text visit = [] first = re.compile(r'</span><span class="time-tip first-tip"><span class="tip-content">(.*?)</span>') second = re.compile(r'</span><span class="time-tip"><span class="tip-content">(.*?)</span>') third = re.compile(r'</span><span class="time-tip last-second-tip"><span class="tip-content">(.*?)</span>') last = re.compile(r'</span><span class="time-tip last-tip"><span class="tip-content">(.*?)</span>') visit.extend(first.findall(html)) visit.extend(second.findall(html)) visit.extend(third.findall(html)) visit.extend(last.findall(html)) for i in visit: print i print '以下是更多的最近来访' vm = s.get('http://www.renren.com/myfoot/whoSeenMe') fm = re.compile(r'"name":"(.*?)"') visitmore = fm.findall(vm.text) for i in visitmore: print i |