概念:
网络模型:
OSI模型:应用层->表示层->会话层->传输层->网络层->数据链路层->物理层
TCP/IP协议:应用层->传输层(最有名的:TCP)->网络层(最有名的:IP)->物理+数据链路层
TCP协议和UDP协议:
TCP协议 | UDP协议 |
---|---|
三次握手建立连接 | 不需要建立连接 |
可靠 | 不可靠 |
可大容量传输 | 数据报64K之内,不适合大量传输 |
要释放建立的连接 | 不用释放资源 |
效率低 | 速度快 |
InetAddress类常用方法:
作用 | 方法 | 举例 |
---|---|---|
获取本机InetAddress对象 | getLocalHost() | InetAddress localHost = InetAddress.getLocalHost(); |
根据主机名/域名获得InetAddress | getByName(“name/域名”) | InetAddress host = InetAddress.getByName(“name/域名”) |
通过IdnetAddress对象获得主机名/域名 | getHostName() | String hostName = host.getHostName() |
通过IdnetAddress对象获得ip地址 | getHostAddress() | String hostAddress = host.getHostAddress() |
public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException {
//获取本机InetAddress:getLocalHost()
InetAddress localHost = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(localHost);
//根据主机名获取InetAddress:getByName("name")
InetAddress host = InetAddress.getByName("DESKTOP-IO7SRQ0");
System.out.println(host);
//根据域名获取InetAddress对象:getByName("域名")
InetAddress host1 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(host1);
//通过InetAddress对象获得对应地址(ip地址):获取的InetAddress.getHostAddress()
String hostAddress = host1.getHostAddress();
System.out.println(hostAddress);
//通过InetAddress对象获得主机名/域名:InetAddress.getBy
String HostName = host1.getHostName();
System.out.println(HostName);
}
Socket案例
客户端和服务器都有socket,socket一定要关闭,连接多了其他客户端进不来
TCP网络通信编程简单例子:
使用字节流:
1.客户端发送"hello,server"给服务器
客户端:
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.连接端口(ip,port)
//如果连接服务器不是本机,可写域名或ip地址
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(), 9999);
System.out.println("客户端socket +"+socket.getClass());
//2.连接服务端后,生成socket
//3.socket.getOutputStream()将数据写入数据通道
//注意拿的是这个socket的outputStream
OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
outputStream.write("hello,server".getBytes());
//4.关闭socket和相关流,避免浪费资源
outputStream.close();
socket.close();
System.out.println("客户端退出了...");
}
服务端:
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//服务器:
//1.监听本机9999端口,等待客户端的连接
//注意:要求本机没有其他服务监听9999
//细节:ServerSocket可以通过accept()返回多个Socket[多个客户端连接服务器]
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
System.out.println("服务端监听9999端口...等待连接...");
//2.没有客户端连接9999接口时,程序阻塞,等待连接
//有客户端连接就继续执行
Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
System.out.println("socket = "+accept);
//3.通过sockrt.getInputStream() 读取客户端写入数据通道的数据
InputStream inputStream = accept.getInputStream();
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];//3.1设置缓冲:
int readLen = 0;
while((readLen = inputStream.read(buf)) != -1){
System.out.println(new String(buf,0,readLen));
}
//4.关闭socket
inputStream.close();
accept.close();
serverSocket.close();
System.out.println("服务器退出了...");
}
2.客户端发送“hello,server",服务端也发送"hello,client"
比案例1多的部分:绿色的线
单纯的写会有问题:客户端服务端都在等待
发送完应该有一个结束标记,说明后面没有了。
没有结束标记就都在等,保持沉默。
只需要设置写入结束标记:socket.shutdownOutput()——关闭输出
可以了,问题解决。
客户端:
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.连接端口(ip,port)
//如果连接服务器不是本机,可写域名或ip地址
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(), 9999);
System.out.println("客户端socket +"+socket.getClass());
//2.连接服务端后,生成socket
//3.socket.getOutputStream()将数据写入数据通道
//注意拿的是这个socket的outputStream
OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
outputStream.write("hello,server".getBytes());
//设置结束标记
socket.shutdownOutput();
//4.获取服务器回写的数据
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int readLen = 0;
while ((readLen=inputStream.read(buf))!=-1){
System.out.println(new String(buf,0,readLen));
}
//5.关闭socket和相关流,避免浪费资源
outputStream.close();
inputStream.close();
socket.close();
System.out.println("客户端退出了...");
}
服务端:
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//服务器:
//1.监听本机9999端口,等待客户端的连接
//注意:要求本机没有其他服务监听9999
//细节:ServerSocket可以通过accept()返回多个Socket[多个客户端连接服务器]
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
System.out.println("服务端监听9999端口...等待连接...");
//2.没有客户端连接9999接口时,程序阻塞,等待连接
//有客户端连接就继续执行
Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
System.out.println("socket = "+accept);
//3.通过sockrt.getInputStream() 读取客户端写入数据通道的数据
InputStream inputStream = accept.getInputStream();
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];//3.1设置缓冲:
int readLen = 0;
while((readLen = inputStream.read(buf)) != -1){
System.out.println(new String(buf,0,readLen));
}
//4.将数据回写到数据通道
OutputStream outputStream = accept.getOutputStream();
outputStream.write("hello,client".getBytes());
accept.shutdownOutput();
//5.关闭socket
inputStream.close();
outputStream.close();
accept.close();
serverSocket.close();
System.out.println("服务器退出了...");
}
3.客户端发送消息收到服务器回写信息,服务端接收并回写
和第二个案例:区别在字节流和字符流
黄线部分:
主要多出来的部分:
代码:
客户端:
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.连接端口(ip,port)
//如果连接服务器不是本机,可写域名或ip地址
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(), 9999);
System.out.println("客户端socket +"+socket.getClass());
//2.连接服务端后,生成socket
//3.使用字符流的方式向数据通道写数据,字节流转字符流
OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream));
bufferedWriter.write("hello,server_字符流BufferedWriter");
//插入换行符,代表写入的内容结束,要求对方使用readLine()方法读取
bufferedWriter.newLine();
//使用字符流一定要手动刷新,不然数据不会写入数据通道
bufferedWriter.flush();
socket.shutdownOutput();
//4.获取服务器回写的数据
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
String s = bufferedReader.readLine();
System.out.println("获取byBufferedReader: "+s);
//5.关闭socket和相关流,避免浪费资源_字符流 就关闭外层即可
bufferedWriter.close();
bufferedReader.close();
socket.close();
System.out.println("客户端退出了...");
}
服务端:
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//服务器:
//1.监听本机9999端口,等待客户端的连接
//注意:要求本机没有其他服务监听9999
//细节:ServerSocket可以通过accept()返回多个Socket[多个客户端连接服务器]
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
System.out.println("服务端监听9999端口...等待连接...");
//2.没有客户端连接9999接口时,程序阻塞,等待连接
//有客户端连接就继续执行
Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
System.out.println("socket = "+accept);
//3.通过sockrt.getInputStream()转换成字符流 读取客户端写入数据通道的数据
InputStream inputStream = accept.getInputStream();
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
String s = bufferedReader.readLine();
System.out.println("输出客户端的内容by BufferedWriter: "+s);
//4.使用字符输出流,将数据回写到数据通道
OutputStream outputStream = accept.getOutputStream();
BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream));
bufferedWriter.write("hello,client_字符流BufferedWriter");
bufferedWriter.newLine(); //换行表示写入内容结束
bufferedWriter.flush(); //手动刷新,不然数据写不进去数据通道
accept.shutdownOutput();
//5.关闭socket
bufferedReader.close();
bufferedWriter.close();
accept.close();
serverSocket.close();
System.out.println("服务器退出了...");
}
4.网络上传文件(图片)
和之前的区别是:之前都是直接写的消息,这次是在磁盘里读取文件。
主要是网络编程和io的结合。
重点代码:
客户端:
服务器:
客户端和服务端间传递文件的过程:
客户端:
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.连接到服务端,得到socket
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(),8888);
//2.磁盘获得(读取)文件,将其读到字节数组中
//文件是二进制文件,所以需要使用BufferedInputStream
String path ="C:\\Users\\ASUS\\Pictures\\Saved Pictures\\ppp.png";
BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(path));
//得到文件内容
byte[] bytes = StreamUtils.streamToByteArray(bufferedInputStream);
//3.通过socket获取到输出流,将bytes发送给服务器
BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
//4.将文件发送给数据通道
bufferedOutputStream.write(bytes);
//设置结束标志
socket.shutdownOutput();
//5.关闭流
bufferedInputStream.close();
bufferedOutputStream.close();
socket.close();
}
服务端:
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.监听端口8888,
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8888);
System.out.println("服务器监听本机8888端口....");
//2.等待客户端连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.接受数据通道中的文件
BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
byte[] bytes =StreamUtils.streamToByteArray(bufferedInputStream);
//4.写入指定文件夹(磁盘)
String destFilePath = "src\\1.png";
BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(destFilePath));
bufferedOutputStream.write(bytes);
//5.关闭流
bufferedInputStream.close();
bufferedOutputStream.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
完整代码:
客户端:
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.连接到服务端,得到socket
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(),8888);
//2.磁盘获得(读取)文件,将其读到字节数组中
//文件是二进制文件,所以需要使用BufferedInputStream
String path ="C:\\Users\\ASUS\\Pictures\\Saved Pictures\\ppp.png";
BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(path));
//得到文件内容
byte[] bytes = StreamUtils.streamToByteArray(bufferedInputStream);
//3.通过socket获取到输出流,将bytes发送给服务器
BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
//4.将文件发送给数据通道
bufferedOutputStream.write(bytes);
//设置结束标志
socket.shutdownOutput();
//5.获取服务端的消息
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
String s = StreamUtils.streamToString(inputStream);
System.out.println("服务端返回的信息: "+s);
//6.关闭流
inputStream.close();
bufferedInputStream.close();
bufferedOutputStream.close();
socket.close();
}
服务端:
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.监听端口8888,
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8888);
System.out.println("服务器监听本机8888端口....");
//2.等待客户端连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.接受数据通道中的文件
BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
byte[] bytes =StreamUtils.streamToByteArray(bufferedInputStream);
//4.写入指定文件夹(磁盘)
String destFilePath = "src\\1.png";
BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(destFilePath));
bufferedOutputStream.write(bytes);
//5.拿到文件后告诉客户端收到文件
//这里采用字符流的方式
BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()));
bufferedWriter.write("收到图片!");
bufferedWriter.flush(); //将内容刷新到数据通道
socket.shutdownOutput();
//6.关闭流
bufferedWriter.close();
bufferedInputStream.close();
bufferedOutputStream.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
流和字节数组,String转换的工具类StreamUtils
import java.io.*;
public class StreamUtils {
/**
* 把输入流转换为byte数组。将文件的内容读到字节数组
* */
public static byte[] streamToByteArray(InputStream inputStream) throws IOException {
//创建输出流对象
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] b = new byte[1024];
int len ;
while((len=inputStream.read(b))!=-1){
bos.write(b,0,len);
}
byte[] array = bos.toByteArray(); //将bos转成字节数组
bos.close();
return array;
}
/**
* 将InputStream流转换为String
* */
public static String streamToString(InputStream inputStream) throws IOException {
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
String line;
while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!=null){
sb.append(line+"\r\n");
}
return sb.toString();
}
}