shell script: pattern match (模式识别)

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-07 06:00:00 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-07 06:00:00 发布

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本文介绍了Bash中常用的模式匹配符号及其用法，包括?、*、+、@和!等，并通过具体示例展示了如何使用这些符号进行文件名扩展和条件判断。此外，还列举了字符类别如[:alnum:]、[:alpha:]等的应用场景。

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关键词： Linux， pattern match, 模式识别，匹配
以下摘自：书名： Linux Shell Scripting with Bash ，作者：Ken O. Burtch
?(pattern-list)—Matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns
*(pattern-list)—Matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns
+(pattern-list)—Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns
@(pattern-list)—Matches exactly one of the given patterns
!(pattern-list)—Matches anything except one of the given patterns

例子：
COMPANY=”AAA Ballistics Ltd”
if [[ $COMPANY = +(A)*Ltd ]] ; then
printf “The company name begins with one or more A’s and finishes with Ltd\n”
fi

其它：
[:alnum:]—Alphanumeric
[:alpha:]—Alphabetic
[:ascii:]—ASCII characters
[:blank:]—Space or tab
[:cntrl:]—Control characters
[:digit:]—Decimal digits
[:graph:]—Non-blank characters
[:lower:]—Lowercase characters
[:print:]—Non-control characters
[:punct:]—Punctuation characters
[:space:]—Whitespace
[:upper:]—Uppercase characters
[:xdigit:]—Hexadecimal digits
例子：
COMPANY=”2nd Rate Solutions”
if [[ $COMPANY = [[ :digit:]]*]] ; then
printf “Company name starts with a digit\n”
fi
例子：
$ ls *+(.c|.h)
actions.c coledit.c config.c dump.c form.c form.h main.c