解析OCR与Voting Disk以及其管理

  Voting Disk和OCR是Oracle Clusterware的2部分。Voting Disk里面记录着节点成员

的信息。如RAC数据库中有哪些节点成员,节点增加或者删除时也同样会将信息记录进

来。Voting Disk必须存放在共享存储上,通常来说是存放在裸设备上。为了保证

Voting Disk的安全,需要配置多个Voting Disk,Oracle建议Voting Disk的个数应该

为奇数个,如 1、3、5个,每个Voting Disk的大小约为20MB。

  OCR 记录的是节点成员的配置信息,如数据库、ASM、实例、监听器、VIP等CRS资

源的配置信息。CRS进程管理的信息来自OCR的内容。OCR存储的配置信息是以目录树的

形式来记录一系列“键-值”对应信息的。OCR记录着 CRS进程管理资源的所有配置信

息。大小约为100MB。

  对Voting Disk的更改必须用root来进行。

  添加一个Voting Disk成员:crsctl add css votedisk /dev/raw/raw3'

  删除一个Voting Disk成员:crsctl delete css votedisk /dev/raw/raw3'

  对OCR的增加、删除和替代配置可以由root用户通过ocrconfig -replace来操作:

  ocrconfig -replace /dev/raw/raw1

  注意:增加、删除Voting Disk及恢复Voting Disk和OCR时,RAC中的所有资源都

必须停止。

  Voting Disk和OCR存放的信息是至关重要的,一旦他们丢失或者损坏的话,

Clusterware将无法启动,这样整个RAC都无法启动。因此需要对Voting Disk和OCR进

行完备的备份。

  对Voting Disk的备份操作可以通过dd命令来操作。

  查看位置:

  #crsctl query css votedisk

  备份操作:

  #dd if=/dev/raw/raw2 f=/home/oracle/voting_disk.bak

  恢复操作:

  #dd if=/home/oracle/voting_disk.bak f=/dev/raw/raw2

  默认情况下,RAC会在其中一个节点上每4个小时都自动备份一次OCR。并保留最近

的3次备份,另外还保留最近两天以及最近两个周末的备份。这个可以通过命令

ocrconfig -showbackup来查看。OCR默认的备份路径为$CRS_HOME/cdata/crs。可以通

过ocrconfig -backuploc来更改OCR的备份路径。OCR自动备份的时间间隔无法修改。

我们还可以通过ocrconfig -export 来到处OCR的内容,也可以通过通过ocrconfig -

import导入OCR的内容。

  可以用ocrconfig -restore 命令对OCR进行恢复。

  ./ocrconfig -restore /u01/oracle/product/10g/crs/cdata/crs/backup00.ocr

  添加Voting Disk:

  [root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl add css votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2

  Cluster is not in a ready state for online disk addition

  [root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl add css votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2-force

  Now formatting voting disk: /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2

  successful addition of votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2. chown

oracle:oinstall /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2

  chmod 775 /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2

  [root@rhel1 bin]# /etc/init.crs start

  [root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl query css votedisk

  0. 0 /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk

  1. 0 /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2

  注意:add voting disk必须是所有服务都关闭的情况下完成。

  添加OCR镜像:

  [root@rhel1 bin]# touch /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr2

  [root@rhel1 bin]#./ocrconfig -replace ocrmirror /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr2

  [root@rhel1 bin]#./ocrcheck

  Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :

  Version : 2

  Total space (kbytes) : 262120

  Used space (kbytes) : 2756

  Available space (kbytes) : 259364

  ID : 2062708016

  Device/File Name : /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr

  Device/File integrity check succeeded

  Device/File Name : /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr2

  Device/File integrity check succeeded

  Cluster registry integrity check succeeded

  注意:add ocr可以是在线完成。
  
  删除OCR镜像:

  [root@rhel1 bin]#./ocrconfig -replace ocrmirror

  [root@rhel1 bin]#./ocrcheck

  Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :

  Version : 2

  Total space (kbytes) : 262120

  Used space (kbytes) : 2756

  Available space (kbytes) : 259364

  ID : 2062708016

  Device/File Name : /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr

  Device/File integrity check succeeded

  Device/File not configured

  Cluster registry integrity check succeeded

  [root@rhel1 bin]#cat /etc/oracle/ocr.loc

  #Device/file /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr2 being deleted

  ocrconfig_loc=/u01/ocfs2fs/ocr 删除Voting Disk:

  [root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl delete css votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2

  Cluster is not in a ready state for online disk removal

  [root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl stop crs

  Stopping resources. This could take several minutes.

  Successfully stopped CRS resources.

  Stopping CSSD.

  Shutting down CSS daemon.

  Shutdown request successfully issued.

  [root@rhel1 bin]# ./crsctl delete css votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2

  Cluster is not in a ready state for online disk removal

  [root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl delete css votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2-force

  successful deletion of votedisk /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk2.

  [root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl query css votedisk

  0. 0 /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk

  located 1 votedisk(s).

  备份、恢复Voting Disk:

  [root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl check crs

  Failure 1 contacting CSS daemon

  Cannot communicate with CRS

  Cannot communicate with EVM

  [root@rhel1 bin]# dd if=/u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk f=/home/oracle/vdisk_bak //

备份,ocfs2也可直接copy

  20000+0 records in

  20000+0 records out

  10240000 bytes (10 MB) copied, 0.301106 seconds, 34.0 MB/s

  [root@rhel1 bin]# rm -rf /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk

  [root@rhel1 bin]#dd if=/home/oracle/vdisk_bak f=/u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk //恢

复,ocfs2也可直接copy

  20000+0 records in

  20000+0 records out

  10240000 bytes (10 MB) copied, 0.173678 seconds, 59.0 MB/s

  [root@rhel1 bin]# chown oracle:oinstall /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk

  [root@rhel1 bin]# chmod 775 /u01/ocfs2fs/vdisk

  [root@rhel1 bin]#/etc/init.d/init.crs start

  Startup will be queued to init within 30 seconds.

  [root@rhel1 bin]#./crsctl check crs

  CSS appears healthy

  CRS appears healthy

  EVM appears healthy

  备份、恢复OCR:

  [root@rhel1 bin]# ./crsctl stop crs

  Stopping resources. This could take several minutes.

  Successfully stopped CRS resources.

  Stopping CSSD.

  Shutting down CSS daemon.

  Shutdown request successfully issued.

  [root@rhel1 bin]# cat /etc/oracle/ocr.loc

  #Device/file /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr2 being deleted

  ocrconfig_loc=/u01/ocfs2fs/ocr

  local_only=false

  [root@rhel1 bin]# mv /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr_bak

  [root@rhel1 crs_1]# cd cdata

  [root@rhel1 cdata]# cd crs

  [root@rhel1 crs]# ll

  total 23144

  -rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 3514368 Mar 1 11:00 13968559

  -rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 3514368 Mar 1 07:00 33426182

  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3182592 Mar 8 15:17 34809936

  -rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 3514368 Feb 27 09:38 backup00.ocr

  -rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 3514368 Feb 8 06:02 backup01.ocr

  -rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 2142208 Nov 8 19:25 backup02.ocr

  -rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 2142208 Nov 8 19:25 day.ocr

  -rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 2142208 Nov 8 19:25 week.ocr

  [root@rhel1 crs]# cd ../../bin

  [root@rhel1 bin]# ./ocrconfig -restore

/u01/app/oracle/crs_1/cdata/crs/backup02.ocr

  PROT-16: Internal Error

  [root@rhel1 bin]#touch /u01/ocfs2fs/ocr

  [root@rhel1 bin]#./ocrconfig -restore

/u01/app/oracle/crs_1/cdata/crs/backup02.ocr

  [root@rhel1 bin]# ./crsctl start crs

  Attempting to start CRS stack

  The CRS stack will be started shortly

  [root@rhel1 bin]# ./crsctl check crs

  CSS appears healthy

  CRS appears healthy

  EVM appears healthy

  查看和改变自动备份目录的命令如下:

  ./ocrconfig -showbackup //查看自动备份。

  ./ocrconfig -backuploc //改变自动备份目录。

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