hive和hbase的整合

hive hbase整合，要求比较多，1.hive的得是0.6.0（当前最新的版本） 
2.hive本身要求hadoop的最高版本是hadoop-0.20.2 
3.要求hbase的版本是0.20.3，其他版本需要重新编译hive_hbase-handler 
但是新版的hbase（0.90）变动特别大，根本无法从编译。这点比较恶心，hbase目前升级比较快，当前是0.90（从0.20.6直接跳到0.89），至于为什么这样跳跃，参考官方的解释http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/Hbase/HBaseVersions 
开场白： 
Hive与HBase的整合功能的实现是利用两者本身对外的API接口互相进行通信，相互通信主要是依靠hive_hbase-handler.jar工具类 (Hive Storage Handlers )， 大致意思如图所示：


1)启动Hbase, 
要求hbase-0.20.3，zookeeper-3.2.2 
如果使用的不是hbase-0.20.3需要重新编译hive_hbase-handler.jar 

2)单节点HBase的连接 
./bin/hive -hiveconf hbase.master=master:60000 

3)集群HBase的连接 
1.启动zookeeper 
2.启动hbase 
3.启动hive，添加zookeeper的支持 
./bin/hive -hiveconf hbase.zookeeper.quorum= master,slave-A,slave-B

//所有的zookeeper节点 
二、插入数据 
启动 
./bin/hive --auxpath /data/soft/hive/lib/hive_hbase-handler.jar,/data/soft/hive/lib/hbase-0.20.3.jar,/data/soft/hive/lib/zookeeper-3.2.2.jar  -hiveconf hbase.zookeeper.quorum=slave-001,slave-002,slave-003

hive 
1.创建hbase识别的数据库 
CREATE TABLE hbase_table_1(key int, value string) 
STORED BY 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseStorageHandler'
WITH SERDEPROPERTIES ("hbase.columns.mapping" = ":key,cf1:val")
TBLPROPERTIES ("hbase.table.name" = "xyz");

hbase.table.name 定义在hbase的table名称 
hbase.columns.mapping 定义在hbase的列族 

2.使用sql导入数据 
i.预先准备数据 
a)新建hive的数据表

CREATE TABLE pokes (foo INT, bar STRING);

b）批量插入数据

hive> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH './examples/files/kv1.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE pokes;

这个文件位于hive的安装目录下，examples/files/kv1.txt 

ii.使用sql导入hbase_table_1

INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE hbase_table_1 SELECT * FROM pokes WHERE foo=86;

注意，默认的启动会报错的 
FAILED: Execution Error, return code 2 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.ExecDriver 
启动的时候要添加 
-auxpath /data/soft/hive/lib/hive_hbase-handler.jar,/data/soft/hive/lib/hbase-0.20.3.jar,/data/soft/hive/lib/zookeeper-3.2.2.jar

3查看数据

hive> select * from  hbase_table_1;

会显示刚刚插入的数据 
86      val_86 

hbase 
1.登录hbase 
[root@master hbase]# ./bin/hbase shell

2.查看表结构

hbase(main):001:0> describe 'xyz'
DESCRIPTION                                                             ENABLED                               
 {NAME => 'xyz', FAMILIES => [{NAME => 'cf1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', VE true                                  
 RSIONS => '3', TTL => '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY =>                                       
  'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}]}                                                                            
1 row(s) in 0.7460 seconds

3.查看加载的数据 
hbase(main):002:0> scan 'xyz'
ROW                          COLUMN+CELL                                                                                       
 86                          column=cf1:val, timestamp=1297690405634, value=val_86 

1 row(s) in 0.0540 seconds 
可以看到，在hive中添加的数据86，已经在hbase中了 

4.添加数据 
' hbase(main):008:0> put 'xyz','100','cf1:val','www.360buy.com'  
0 row(s) in 0.0630 seconds

Hive 
参看hive中的数据

hive> select * from hbase_table_1;                                            
OK
100     www.360buy.com
86      val_86
Time taken: 8.661 seconds

刚刚在hbase中插入的数据，已经在hive里了 

hive访问已经存在的hbase 
使用CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE 
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE hbase_table_2(key int, value string) 
STORED BY 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseStorageHandler'
WITH SERDEPROPERTIES ("hbase.columns.mapping" = "cf1:val")
TBLPROPERTIES("hbase.table.name" = "some_existing_table");

三、多列和多列族（Multiple Columns and Families） 
1．创建数据库 
CREATE TABLE hbase_table_2(key int, value1 string, value2 int, value3 int) 
STORED BY 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseStorageHandler'
WITH SERDEPROPERTIES (
"hbase.columns.mapping" = ":key,a:b,a:c,d:e"
);

2.插入数据

INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE hbase_table_2 SELECT foo, bar, foo+1, foo+2 
FROM pokes WHERE foo=98 OR foo=100;

这个有3个hive的列（value1和value2，value3），2个hbase的列族（a，d） 
Hive的2列（value1和value2）对应1个hbase的列族（a，在hbase的列名称b，c），hive的另外1列（value3）对应列（e）位于列族（d） 

3.登录hbase查看结构 
hbase(main):003:0> describe "hbase_table_2"
DESCRIPTION                                                             ENABLED                               
 {NAME => 'hbase_table_2', FAMILIES => [{NAME => 'a', COMPRESSION => 'N true                                  
 ONE', VERSIONS => '3', TTL => '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_M                                       
 EMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}, {NAME => 'd', COMPRESSION =>                                        
 'NONE', VERSIONS => '3', TTL => '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN                                       
 _MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}]}                                                                  
1 row(s) in 1.0630 seconds

4.查看hbase的数据 
hbase(main):004:0> scan 'hbase_table_2'
ROW                          COLUMN+CELL                                                                      
 100                         column=a:b, timestamp=1297695262015, value=val_100                               
 100                         column=a:c, timestamp=1297695262015, value=101                                   
 100                         column=d:e, timestamp=1297695262015, value=102                                   
 98                          column=a:b, timestamp=1297695242675, value=val_98                                
 98                          column=a:c, timestamp=1297695242675, value=99                                    
 98                          column=d:e, timestamp=1297695242675, value=100                                   
2 row(s) in 0.0380 seconds

5.在hive中查看 
hive> select * from hbase_table_2;
OK
100     val_100 101     102
98      val_98  99      100
Time taken: 3.238 seconds

用hbase做数据库,但由于hbase没有类sql查询方式,所以操作和计算数据非常不方便,于是整合hive,让hive支撑在hbase数据库层面 的 hql查询.hive也即 做数据仓库 

1. 基于Hadoop+Hive架构对海量数据进行查询：http://blog.csdn.net/kunshan_shenbin/article/details/7105319 
2. HBase 0.90.5 + Hadoop 1.0.0 集成：http://blog.csdn.net/kunshan_shenbin/article/details/7209990 
本文的目的是要讲述如何让Hbase和Hive能互相访问，让Hadoop/Hbase/Hive协同工作，合为一体。 
本文测试步骤主要参考自：http://running.iteye.com/blog/898399 
当然，这边博文也是按照官网的步骤来的：http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/Hive/HBaseIntegration 
1. 拷贝hbase-0.90.5.jar和zookeeper-3.3.2.jar到hive/lib下。 
注意：如何hive/lib下已经存在这两个文件的其他版本（例如zookeeper-3.3.1.jar），建议删除后使用hbase下的相关版本。 
2. 修改hive/conf下hive-site.xml文件，在底部添加如下内容： 

01	[html] view plaincopy

02

<!--

03	<property>

04	<name>hive.exec.scratchdir</name>

05	<value>/usr/local/hive/tmp</value>

06

07	</property>

08

-->

09

10	<property>

11	<name>hive.querylog.location</name>

12	<value>/usr/local/hive/logs</value>

13	</property>

14

15	<property>

16	<name>hive.aux.jars.path</name>

17	<value>file:///usr/local/hive/lib/hive-hbase-handler-0.8.0.jar,file:///usr/local/hive/lib/hbase-0.90.5.jar,file:///usr/local/hive/lib/zookeeper-3.3.2.jar</value>

18

19	</property>

注意：如果hive-site.xml不存在则自行创建，或者把hive-default.xml.template文件改名后使用。 
具体请参见：http://blog.csdn.net/kunshan_shenbin/article/details/7210020 

3. 拷贝hbase-0.90.5.jar到所有hadoop节点(包括master)的hadoop/lib下。 
4. 拷贝hbase/conf下的hbase-site.xml文件到所有hadoop节点(包括master)的hadoop/conf下。 
注意，hbase-site.xml文件配置信息参照：http://blog.csdn.net/kunshan_shenbin/article/details/7209990 
注意，如果3,4两步跳过的话，运行hive时很可能出现如下错误： 

1	[html] view plaincopy

2	org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ZooKeeperConnectionException: HBase is able to connect to ZooKeeper but the connection closes immediately.

3	This could be a sign that the server has too many connections (30is the default). Consider inspecting your ZK server logs for that error and

4	then make sure you are reusing HBaseConfiguration as often as you can. See HTable's javadoc formore information. at org.apache.hadoop.

5	hbase.zookeeper.ZooKeeperWatcher.

参考：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_410d18710100vlbq.html 

现在可以尝试启动Hive了。 
单节点启动： 

1	> bin/hive -hiveconf hbase.master=master:60000

集群启动： 

1	> bin/hive -hiveconf hbase.zookeeper.quorum=slave

如何hive-site.xml文件中没有配置hive.aux.jars.path，则可以按照如下方式启动。 

1	> bin/hive --auxpath /usr/local/hive/lib/hive-hbase-handler-0.8.0.jar, /usr/local/hive/lib/hbase-0.90.5.jar, /usr/local/hive/lib/zookeeper-3.3.2.jar -hiveconf hbase.zookeeper.quorum=slave

接下来可以做一些测试了。 
1.创建hbase识别的数据库： 
[sql] view plaincopy 
CREATE TABLE hbase_table_1(key int, value string)  
STORED BY 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseStorageHandler'  
WITH SERDEPROPERTIES ("hbase.columns.mapping" = ":key,cf1:val")  
TBLPROPERTIES ("hbase.table.name" = "xyz");  
hbase.table.name 定义在hbase的table名称 
hbase.columns.mapping 定义在hbase的列族 
2.使用sql导入数据 
a) 新建hive的数据表 
[sql] view plaincopy 
<span><span></span></span>hive> CREATE TABLE pokes (foo INT, bar STRING);  
b) 批量插入数据 
[sql] view plaincopy 

1	hive> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH './examples/files/kv1.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE

pokes;  
c) 使用sql导入hbase_table_1 
[sql] view plaincopy 
hive> INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE hbase_table_1 SELECT * FROM pokes WHERE foo=86;  
3. 查看数据 
[sql] view plaincopy 
hive> select * from  hbase_table_1;  
这时可以登录Hbase去查看数据了. 
> /usr/local/hbase/bin/hbase shell 
hbase(main):001:0> describe 'xyz'   
hbase(main):002:0> scan 'xyz'   
hbase(main):003:0> put 'xyz','100','cf1:val','www.360buy.com' 
这时在Hive中可以看到刚才在Hbase中插入的数据了。 
hive> select * from hbase_table_1 
4. hive访问已经存在的hbase 
使用CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE 
[sql] view plaincopy 
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE hbase_table_2(key int, value string)  
STORED BY 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseStorageHandler'  
WITH SERDEPROPERTIES ("hbase.columns.mapping" = "cf1:val")  
TBLPROPERTIES("hbase.table.name" = "some_existing_table");  


多列和多列族（Multiple Columns and Families） 
1．创建数据库 
Java代码  
CREATE TABLE hbase_table_2(key int, value1 string, value2 int, value3 int)   
STORED BY 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseStorageHandler'  
WITH SERDEPROPERTIES (  
"hbase.columns.mapping" = ":key,a:b,a:c,d:e"  
);  

2.插入数据 
Java代码  
INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE hbase_table_2 SELECT foo, bar, foo+1, foo+2   
FROM pokes WHERE foo=98 OR foo=100;  


这个有3个hive的列（value1和value2，value3），2个hbase的列族（a，d） 
Hive的2列（value1和value2）对应1个hbase的列族（a，在hbase的列名称b，c），hive的另外1列（value3）对应列（e）位于列族（d） 

3.登录hbase查看结构 
Java代码  

1	hbase(main):003:0> describe "hbase_table_2"

2	DESCRIPTION                                                             ENABLED

3	{NAME => 'hbase_table_2', FAMILIES => [{NAME => 'a', COMPRESSION => 'N true

4	ONE', VERSIONS => '3', TTL => '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_M

5	EMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}, {NAME => 'd', COMPRESSION =>

6	'NONE', VERSIONS => '3', TTL => '2147483647', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN

7	_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}]}

8	1 row(s) in 1.0630 seconds

4.查看hbase的数据 
Java代码  

1	hbase(main):004:0> scan 'hbase_table_2'

2	ROW                          COLUMN+CELL

3	100                        column=a:b, timestamp=1297695262015, value=val_100

4	100                        column=a:c, timestamp=1297695262015, value=101

5	100                        column=d:e, timestamp=1297695262015, value=102

6	98                         column=a:b, timestamp=1297695242675, value=val_98

7	98                         column=a:c, timestamp=1297695242675, value=99

8	98                         column=d:e, timestamp=1297695242675, value=100

9	2 row(s) in 0.0380 seconds

5.在hive中查看 
Java代码  

1	hive> select * from hbase_table_2;

2

OK

3	100     val_100 101     102

4	98      val_98  99      100

5	Time taken: 3.238 seconds

参考资料： 
http://running.iteye.com/blog/898399 
http://heipark.iteye.com/blog/1150648 
http://www.javabloger.com/article/apache-hadoop-hive-hbase-integration.html