一、CPU角度的并发与并行
并发
曾经我作为一个不是很爱学习的孩子，在上学的时候经常做这样的事情：在数学课上补物理作业，数学课听懂了，物理作业也上交了。不谦虚的说，我是具备这样的能力，但很可惜没用对地方。
很多同学说：“你是不是有多个大脑？”，肯定不是啊，其实这是一种切换的能力。当你同时做多件事情，并且能够快速切换的时候。在别人开来，你就有了并发的能力，但是你的大脑还是一个大脑。
我们的计算机在绝大部分时间都运行很多很多的进程与线程，所以CPU并发执行并切换分配CPU时间片资源是一种常态。只是CPU的执行速度实在是太快了，快到绝大部分情况下你都无法感知“执行线程的切换”。所以看上去它在一边播放音乐，一边运行浏览器，一边运行其他软件。
并行
知道了计算机中并发的概念，我们来举例了解一下并行的概念。
你在餐厅点餐，点餐后等餐的同时你在读书。看上去你是在做两件事，等餐和读书。实际上只有一件事是需要你实际操作的，那就是读书；另外一件事实际上是做菜，做菜是由餐厅的厨师进行的。
随着计算机多核CPU的普及，计算机也在一定程度上具备了并行计算的能力。那这么说，单核心的CPU就一定不存在并行能力喽？也并非完全如此，若单核心的CPU拥有Hyper-threading技术，那么单核心可以并行的运行两个逻辑线程。
二、线程角度的并发与并行
上面的并发与并行的解释更多的是从CPU运行的角度，但作为程序员更关心的是作为开发者如何区分并发与并行。
从线程的角度去谈并行，通常是指在多线程间不存在数据共享或通信，能够利用CPU的并行能力去运行多线程。
从线程的角度去谈并发，通常是指多个线程之间存在资源共享（内存、代码段等），彼此协调共享资源的使用，从而交出或获得CPU执行时间片的使用权。
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