题目:
Given a roman numeral, convert it to an integer.
Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.
思路:
我们首先来明确一下罗马数字与阿拉伯数字的换算规则:如果当前数字比前一个大,说明这一段的值应该是当前这个值减去上一个值,比如IV = 5 – 1;否则,将当前值加入到结果中,然后开始下一段记录,比如VI = 5 + 1, II=1+1。而罗马数字与阿拉伯数字对应变换是:I对应1,V对应5,X对应10,L对应50,C对应100,D对应500,M对应1000。因此,只需要从前往后读出字符,如果当前数字小于等于前一字符,则加上当前字符对应的数字;而当前数字更大时,减去前一个字符(要减去两倍,因为在前面扫描时已经加上过一次了,实际上不应该加,因此要多减一次)。
代码:
class Solution {
public:
int romanToInt(string s) {
char c[10][10][10]={{"0","I","II","III","IV","V","VI","VII","VIII","IX"},
{"0","X","XX","XXX","XL","L","LX","LXX","LXXX","XC"},
{"0","C","CC","CCC","CD","D","DC","DCC","DCCC","CM"},
{"0","M","MM","MMM"}};
int num=0,i;
for(i=0;i<s.size();i++)
{
if(s[i]=='I') num+=1;
if(s[i]=='V')
{
if(i!=0 && s[i-1]=='I') num+=3;
else num+=5;
}
if(s[i]=='X')
{
if(i!=0 && s[i-1]=='I') num+=8;
else num+=10;
}
if(s[i]=='L')
{
if(i!=0 && s[i-1]=='X') num+=30;
else num+=50;
}
if(s[i]=='C')
{
if(i!=0 && s[i-1]=='X') num+=80;
else num+=100;
}
if(s[i]=='D')
{
if(i!=0 && s[i-1]=='C') num+=300;
else num+=500;
}
if(s[i]=='M')
{
if(i!=0 && s[i-1]=='C') num+=800;
else num+=1000;
}
}
return num;
}
};