Netstat命令使用实例讲解

Netstat命令显示各种网络相关信息，如网络连接，路由表，接口统计，伪装连接，组播成员等，

在这篇文章中，让我们回顾10实际的netstat命令的例子。

1. 列出所有端口 (包括监听与非监听端口)

使用netstat -a列出所有端口

# netstat -a | more
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 localhost:30037 *:* LISTEN
udp 0 0 *:bootpc *:* 

Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6135 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 5140 /var/run/acpid.socket

使用netstat -at列出所有tcp端口

# netstat -at
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 localhost:30037 *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:smtp *:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN

使用netstat -au列出所有UDP端口

# netstat -au
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
udp 0 0 *:bootpc *:*
udp 0 0 *:49119 *:*
udp 0 0 *:mdns *:*

2. 列出监听中的Sockets

使用netstat -l列出监听中的ports

# netstat -l
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN
udp 0 0 *:49119 *:*

使用netstat -lt列出监听中的TCP ports

# netstat -lt
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 localhost:30037 *:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 *:smtp *:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN

使用netstat -lu列出监听中的UDP ports

# netstat -lu
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
udp 0 0 *:49119 *:*
udp 0 0 *:mdns *:*

使用netstat -lx列出监听中的UNIX ports

# netstat -lx
Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6294 private/maildrop
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6203 public/cleanup
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6302 private/ifmail
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6306 private/bsmtp

3. 显示所有控制协议的详情

使用netstat -s列出所有使用中的端口详情

# netstat -s
Ip:
11150 total packets received
1 with invalid addresses
0 forwarded
0 incoming packets discarded
11149 incoming packets delivered
11635 requests sent out
Icmp:
0 ICMP messages received
0 input ICMP message failed.
Tcp:
582 active connections openings
2 failed connection attempts
25 connection resets received
Udp:
1183 packets received
4 packets to unknown port received.
.....

使用 netstat -st / -su列出所有TCP/ UDP的端口详情

# netstat -st

# netstat -su

4.  使用netstat -p，在输出中显示PID和程序名

netstat -p 可以和其他netstat 选项组合使用. 它将在netstat输出中显示 “PID/Program Name” . 对于在调试中需要确认哪个程序使用特定的端口，这将非常有用。

# netstat -pt
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 1 0 ramesh-laptop.loc:47212 192.168.185.75:www CLOSE_WAIT 2109/firefox
tcp 0 0 ramesh-laptop.loc:52750 lax:www ESTABLISHED 2109/firefox

5. 在netstat输出中不显示主机名、端口号和用户名

当你不想在netstat输出中不显示主机名、端口号和用户名时，你可以使用netstat -n 选项. 它将显示一个numbers来代替主机名、端口和用户名.

当然他也会加快输出信息。

# netstat -an

如果你只是不想显示主机名、端口号和用户名之间的一个，你可以使用如下命令：

# netsat -a --numeric-ports

# netsat -a --numeric-hosts

# netsat -a --numeric-users

6. 周期性输出netstat信息

每隔几秒钟netstat打印输出信息

# netstat -c
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 ramesh-laptop.loc:36130 101-101-181-225.ama:www ESTABLISHED
tcp 1 1 ramesh-laptop.loc:52564 101.11.169.230:www CLOSING
tcp 0 0 ramesh-laptop.loc:43758 server-101-101-43-2:www ESTABLISHED
tcp 1 1 ramesh-laptop.loc:42367 101.101.34.101:www CLOSING
^C

7. 找出你的系统所不支持的协议族（Address families）

netstat --verbose

在最后几列, 你会看到如下信息.

netstat: no support for `AF IPX' on this system.
netstat: no support for `AF AX25' on this system.
netstat: no support for `AF X25' on this system.
netstat: no support for `AF NETROM' on this system.

8. 使用netstat -r显示核心路由信息

# netstat -r
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface
192.168.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2
link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth2
default 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth2

注意: 使用netstat -rn 以数字格式显示路由信息而不显示主机名

9. 找出程序运行使用的哪个Port

# netstat -ap | grep ssh
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp 1 0 dev-db:ssh 101.174.100.22:39213 CLOSE_WAIT -
tcp 1 0 dev-db:ssh 101.174.100.22:57643 CLOSE_WAIT -

Find out which process is using a particular port:

# netstat -an | grep ':80'

10. 显示网络接口列表

# netstat -i
Kernel Interface table
Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
eth0 1500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BMU
eth2 1500 0 26196 0 0 0 26883 6 0 0 BMRU
lo 16436 0 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 LRU

使用netstat -ie显示某个接口的扩展信息(类似于ifconfig):

# netstat -ie
Kernel Interface table
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:10:40:11:11:11
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)