HttpClient的get和post
这个HttpClient就类似于电脑上用的浏览器。当我打开多个网页的时候,并不需要开一个网页就开一个浏览器,而是一个浏览器上面开了好几个网页。对应于HttpClient,即无需连接一次就new一个HttpClient。一般,我们希望一个应用里就一个HttpClient就ok了,就像我们的手机或PC,没人会呼呼的装好几个浏览器。本文即解决此问题,代码可以直接拿过去复用。
1.自然而然想到单例。
public class MyHttpClient {
private static HttpClient mHttpClient = null;
private static final String CHARSET = HTTP.UTF_8;
//将构造函数封掉,只能通过对外接口来获取HttpClient实例
private MyHttpClient(){
}
public static HttpClient getHttpClient(){
if(mHttpClient == null){
mHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
}
return mHttpClient;
}
}
上面很簡單但是不能满足多线程的要求,不能同时完成多个Http请求时。
2.线程安全的HttpClient
可以创建线程安全的HttpClient,即通过ClientConnectionManager 来完成。下面贴出完整代码:
import org.apache.http.HttpVersion;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.conn.ClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.conn.params.ConnManagerParams;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.PlainSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.SchemeRegistry;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.tsccm.ThreadSafeClientConnManager;
import org.apache.http.params.BasicHttpParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpConnectionParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpProtocolParams;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;
public class MyHttpClient {
private static HttpClient mHttpClient = null;
private static final String CHARSET = HTTP.UTF_8;
//将构造函数封掉,只能通过对外接口来获取HttpClient实例
private MyHttpClient(){
}
public static HttpClient getHttpClient(){
if(mHttpClient == null){
mHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
}
return mHttpClient;
}
public static synchronized HttpClient getSaveHttpClient(){
if(mHttpClient == null){
HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
//设置基本参数
HttpProtocolParams.setVersion(params, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);
HttpProtocolParams.setContentCharset(params, CHARSET);
HttpProtocolParams.setUseExpectContinue(params, true);
//超时设置
/*从连接池中取连接的超时时间*/
ConnManagerParams.setTimeout(params, 1000);
/*连接超时*/
HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(params, 2000);
/*请求超时*/
HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(params, 4000);
//设置HttpClient支持HTTp和HTTPS两种模式
SchemeRegistry schReg = new SchemeRegistry();
schReg.register(new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 80));
schReg.register(new Scheme("https", SSLSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 443));
//使用线程安全的连接管理来创建HttpClient
ClientConnectionManager conMgr = new ThreadSafeClientConnManager(params, schReg);
mHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(conMgr, params);
}
return mHttpClient;
}
}
方法getSaveHttpClient()即可获得线程安全的单例httpClient,注释很详细了啥都不说了,可以直接使用。
3、已经很完美了,还能不能再优化呢?
可以使用Application来进一步优化创建HttpClient的时机及其他配置。Application的相关知识参见:链接
新建包名org.yanzi.application,在里面新建MyApplication.java,完整代码如下:
import org.apache.http.HttpVersion;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.conn.ClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.conn.params.ConnManagerParams;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.PlainSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.SchemeRegistry;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.tsccm.ThreadSafeClientConnManager;
import org.apache.http.params.BasicHttpParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpConnectionParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpProtocolParams;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;
import android.app.Application;
public class MyApplication extends Application {
private HttpClient mHttpClient = null;
private static final String CHARSET = HTTP.UTF_8;
@Override
public void onCreate() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate();
mHttpClient = this.createHttpClient();
}
@Override
public void onTerminate() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onTerminate();
this.shutdownHttpClient();
}
@Override
public void onLowMemory() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onLowMemory();
this.shutdownHttpClient();
}
/**创建HttpClient实例
* @return
*/
private HttpClient createHttpClient(){
HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
//设置基本参数
HttpProtocolParams.setVersion(params, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);
HttpProtocolParams.setContentCharset(params, CHARSET);
HttpProtocolParams.setUseExpectContinue(params, true);
//超时设置
/*从连接池中取连接的超时时间*/
ConnManagerParams.setTimeout(params, 1000);
/*连接超时*/
HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(params, 2000);
/*请求超时*/
HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(params, 4000);
//设置HttpClient支持HTTp和HTTPS两种模式
SchemeRegistry schReg = new SchemeRegistry();
schReg.register(new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 80));
schReg.register(new Scheme("https", SSLSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 443));
//使用线程安全的连接管理来创建HttpClient
ClientConnectionManager conMgr = new ThreadSafeClientConnManager(params, schReg);
HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(conMgr, params);
return client;
}
private void shutdownHttpClient(){
if(mHttpClient != null && mHttpClient.getConnectionManager() != null){
mHttpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
}
}
public HttpClient getHttpClient(){
return mHttpClient;
}
}
然后再AndroidManifest.xml理添加:
android:name=”org.yanzi.application.MyApplication”
<application
android:name="org.yanzi.application.MyApplication"
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name="org.yanzi.testtomecat.MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
然后再Activity里,通过mMyApplication = (MyApplication)getApplication();
mMyApplication.getHttpClient()得到HttpClient就可以使用了。
可以看到在Application的onCreate里就实例化了HttpClient,且在低内存和关闭时关闭连接管理器,释放资源,比2中的写到一个普通文件里更优。
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.params.BasicHttpParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpConnectionParams;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams;
import android.util.Log;
public class HttpRequest {
/**
*Post请求
*/
public void doPost(String url , List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs){
//新建HttpClient对象
HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
//创建POST连接
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url);
try {
// //使用PSOT方式,必须用NameValuePair数组传递参数
// List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
// nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair("id", "12345"));
// nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair("stringdata","hps is Cool!"));
httppost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs));
HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
*Get请求
*/
public void doGet(String url){
HttpParams httpParams = new BasicHttpParams();
HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(httpParams,30000);
HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(httpParams, 30000);
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(httpParams);
// GET
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
try {
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.SC_OK){
Log.i("GET", "Bad Request!");
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
需要注意的是:
1. 使用POST方式时,传递参数必须使用NameValuePair数组
2. 使用GET方式时,通过URL传递参数,注意写法
3. 通过setEntity方法来传递数据
4. 通过DefaultHttpClient的execute方法来发送HTTP请求获取HttpResponse
5. 通过getEntity()从Response中获取内容
String content = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
特别说明:
对于WCF的json服务,请求时如下:
/**
*Post请求
* @throws IOException
* @throws ClientProtocolException
*/
public static String doPost(String url , List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException{
String result = null;
//新建HttpClient对象
HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
//创建POST连接
HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url);
httppost.setHeader("content-type", "application/json");
try {
if(nameValuePairs != null) {
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity("这里是JSON数据,如{"id":"12","name":"xiaoming"}", "utf-8");
entity.setContentType("application/json");
entity.setContentEncoding("utf-8");
httppost.setEntity(entity);
}
// if(nameValuePairs != null) {
// httppost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs, HTTP.UTF_8));
// }
HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != 404)
{
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
Logger.d(TAG, "Response: " + result);
}
} finally {
}
return result;
}
其实就相当于传数据流的方式。