Android通过反射打造可以存储任何对象的万能SharedPreferences

我们通常使用SharedPreferences存储一些需要保存在本地，但又不至于存储在数据库里的一些数据，一般我们用它来存储一些用户名，密码等数据是非常方便的，那么如果我们想要存储的信息有10几条，我们就得写10几行重复的代码把他们存进去，取出来的时候还得写10几行代码将他们一条一条取出来，那么有没有什么办法可以只需要一行代码就可以将他们存进去，一行代码就将他们取出来？答案是有的，这篇文章我们就介绍如何通过反射来实现。

1.将我们想要保存的数据封装成一个实体类 Person.java 其中属性我们都用Public来修饰

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public class Person { //String类型属性 姓名 public String name ; //int类型属性 年龄 public int age ; //float类型属性 身高 public float height ; //boolean类型属性 是否已婚 public boolean isMarried ; //String类型属性 证件号 public String id ; }

 来自CODE的代码片

Person.java

2.通过反射，将Person类中的属性取出来

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public class SharedPreferencesUtils { /** * 根据传入的对象，取出其中用public修饰符修饰的属性 * @param clazz 想要拿到属性的类的字节码文件 * @return 所有用pulic修饰的属性的一个list表 */ public static < T > List < Field > getPublicFields ( Class <?> clazz ){ if ( clazz . equals ( Object . class )) { return null ; } //用来存储clazz中用public修饰的属性的list List < Field > list = new ArrayList < Field >(); //获得clazz中所有用public修饰的属性 Field [] fields = clazz . getFields (); //将fields加入到list中 for ( int i = 0 ; i < fields . length ; i ++){ list . add ( fields [ i ]); } return list ; }

 来自CODE的代码片

SharedPreferencesUtils.java

我们先来测试一下属性有没有被取出来，我们在MainActivity.java中添加如下代码进行测试

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public class MainActivity extends Activity { @Override protected void onCreate ( Bundle savedInstanceState ) { super . onCreate ( savedInstanceState ); setContentView ( R . layout . activity_main ); //调用我们刚刚写好的方法来获取Person类中的属性 List < Field > publicFields = SharedPreferencesUtils . getPublicFields ( Person . class ); for ( Field f : publicFields ){ String name = f . getName (); Log . i ( "TAG" , name + "\n" ); } } }

 来自CODE的代码片

MainActivity.java

我们来看一下Log打印的信息

我们可以看到，Person中的属性我们都已经拿到了

3.将对象存储到SharedPreferences中

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public static void putObjectToShare ( String shareName , Object obj ){ //获得SharedPreferences实例 SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = mContext . getSharedPreferences ( shareName , Activity . MODE_PRIVATE ); //获得Editor Editor edit = sharedPreferences . edit (); //存储数据之前先将之前的旧数据清掉 edit . clear (); //调用commit提交数据(这里为了清掉数据) edit . commit (); List < Field > publicFields = getPublicFields ( obj . getClass ()); for ( Field f : publicFields ){ String name = f . getName (); try { //获得当前属性的类型和值 //类型的话如果是基本类型，会自动装箱 Object type = f . get ( obj ); //判断各种类型，调用各种类型的put方法将数据存储进去 if ( type instanceof String ) { edit . putString ( name , ( String ) type ); } else if ( type instanceof Integer ) { edit . putInt ( name , ( Integer ) type ); } else if ( type instanceof Float ) { edit . putFloat ( name , ( Float ) type ); } else if ( type instanceof Long ) { edit . putLong ( name , ( Long ) type ); } else if ( type instanceof Boolean ) { edit . putBoolean ( name , ( Boolean ) type ); } } catch ( Exception e ) { e . printStackTrace (); } //调用commit，提交数据 edit . commit (); } }

 来自CODE的代码片

SharedPreferencesUtils.java

4.将对象从SharedPreferences中取出来

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public static < T > T getObjectFromShare ( String shareName , Class < T > clazz ){ //获得SharedPreferences实例 SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = mContext . getSharedPreferences ( shareName , Activity . MODE_PRIVATE ); //T是一个泛型，根据clazz不同而不同 T t = null ; try { //获得sharedPreferences中所有的数据，数据为键值对保存在map中 Map < String ,?> map = sharedPreferences . getAll (); //调用getPublicFields方法得到clazz中所有的公有属性 List < Field > publicFields = getPublicFields ( clazz ); //如果两者都不为空的话 if ( map . size ()> 0 && publicFields . size ()> 0 ) { //将T实例化出来 t = clazz . newInstance (); //遍历map中所有的键值对 for ( Map . Entry < String ,?> entry : map . entrySet ()){ //map中的键 String key = entry . getKey (); //map中的值 Object value = entry . getValue (); //遍历clazz中的所有公有属性 for ( Field field : publicFields ){ //获得属性名 String name = field . getName (); //如果属性名与键相同 if ( name . equalsIgnoreCase ( key )) { //相当于给对象T中的属性field赋值，值为value field . set ( t , value ); break ; } } } } } catch ( Exception e ) { e . printStackTrace (); } //整个遍历结束后，我们的对象中的属性也都有值了 return t ; }

 来自CODE的代码片

SharedPreferencesUtils.java

5.我们来测试一下，修改MainAcitvity.java中的代码

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public class MainActivity extends Activity { @Override protected void onCreate ( Bundle savedInstanceState ) { super . onCreate ( savedInstanceState ); setContentView ( R . layout . activity_main ); //实例化一个Person实例，这是我们想要存储到SharedPreferences中的对象 Person p = new Person ( "zhangsan" , 23 , 175.0f , false , "001" ); //将p存储到SharedPreferences的“zhangqi”名下 SharedPreferencesUtils . getInstance ( this ). putObjectToShare ( "zhangqi" , p );; //从SharedPreferences的“zhangqi”名下取出之前存储过的Person实例 Person savedPerson = SharedPreferencesUtils . getInstance ( this ). getObjectFromShare ( "zhangqi" , Person . class ); Log . e ( "zhangqi" , "" + savedPerson . toString ()); } }

 来自CODE的代码片

MainActivity.java

我们看一下Log中打印的savedPerson的信息