Spring Boot 测试
1. 添加pom测试依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
2. 测试类
// 在测试环境中转配,装配的Bean只会在测试环境中使用
@TestConfiguration
public class MyTestConfiguration {
@Bean
public Runnable create() {
return () -> {
};
}
}
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
// 指定在测试环境中装配的配置类
@SpringBootTest(classes = MyTestConfiguration.class)
public class DictDaoTest {
@Autowired
private DictDao dictDao;
@Autowired
private ApplicationContext context;
@Test
public void testList() {
List<Map<String, Object>> result = dictDao.list();
for (Map<String, Object> map : result) {
System.out.println(map);
}
Assert.assertNotNull(context.getBean(Runnable.class));
}
}
注意: Spring Boot 会优先使用测试环境的配置文件,如果没有才会使用正式的配置文件
3. 测试环境中使用配置项
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
// 测试环境中添加配置项,方式1
@SpringBootTest(properties = { "app.version=1.0.0" })
public class EnvironmentTest {
@Autowired
private ConfigurableEnvironment env;
@Value("${app.version}")
private String version;
// 添加配置项,方式2
@Before
public void init() {
TestPropertyValues.of("test.username=root").and("test.password=123456").applyTo(env);
}
@Test
public void test() {
Assert.assertEquals("1.0.0", env.getProperty("app.version"));
Assert.assertEquals("1.0.0", version);
Assert.assertEquals("root", env.getProperty("test.username"));
Assert.assertEquals("123456", env.getProperty("test.password"));
}
}
4. Controller 测试
@RestController
public class StudentController {
@GetMapping("student/{id}")
public String get(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
return "student" + id;
}
@GetMapping("student/list")
public String list() {
return "student";
}
}
1. 测试Restful接口
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
//不需要启动Spring Boot服务,但需要指定本处使用的端口方式
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class StudentControllerTest {
//Rest测试模板类
@Autowired
private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;
@Test
public void testGet() {
String result = restTemplate.getForObject("/student/100", String.class);
Assert.assertEquals("student100", result);
}
@Test
public void testList() {
String result = restTemplate.getForObject("/student/list", String.class);
Assert.assertEquals("student", result);
}
}
2. 使用Mock测试WebController
注意:
@WebMvcTest 只能测试Controller,Controller中不能依赖注入其他Bean,原因是:这种方式不会加载Spring 容器
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
// WebMvc测试方式,需要指定测试的Controller。不需要在Web环境下运行
@WebMvcTest(controllers = { StudentController.class })
public class StudentControllerMvcTest {
@Autowired
private MockMvc mvc;
@Test
public void testGet() throws Exception {
mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/student/100"))//
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()) // 匹配结果状态码为200
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.content().string("student100"));// 匹配返回结果
}
@Test
public void testList() throws Exception {
mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/student/list").param("name", "张三"))//
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())//
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.content().string("student"));
}
}
3. 使用Mock方式测试WebController
注意:
@SpringBootTest 注解使用时会加载Spring容器,但是不会自动注入MockMvc对象,需要配合@AutoConfigureMockMvc注解,自动注入MockMvc对象。这两个注解不能和@WebMvcTest注解同时使用
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class StudentControllerMvcTest {
@Autowired
private MockMvc mvc;
@Test
public void testGet() throws Exception {
mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/student/100"))//
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()) // 匹配结果状态码为200
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.content().string("student100"));// 匹配返回结果
}
@Test
public void testList() throws Exception {
mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/student/list").param("name", "张三"))//
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())//
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.content().string("student"));
}
}