DetachedCriteria

http://uule.iteye.com/blog/947923转载
在常规的Web编程中，有大量的动态条件查询，即用户在网页上面自由选择某些条件，程序根据用户的选择条件，动态生成SQL语句，进行查询。

　　针对这种需求，对于分层应用程序来说，Web层需要传递一个查询的条件列表给业务层对象，业务层对象获得这个条件列表之后，然后依次取出条件，构造查询语句。这里的一个难点是条件列表用什么来构造？传统上使用Map，但是这种方式缺陷很大，Map可以传递的信息非常有限，只能传递name和value，无法传递究竟要做怎样的条件运算，究竟是大于，小于，like，还是其它的什么，业务层对象必须确切掌握每条entry的隐含条件。因此一旦隐含条件改变，业务层对象的查询构造算法必须相应修改，但是这种查询条件的改变是隐式约定的，而不是程序代码约束的，因此非常容易出错。

　　 DetachedCriteria可以解决这个问题，即在web层，程序员使用DetachedCriteria来构造查询条件，然后将这个 DetachedCriteria作为方法调用参数传递给业务层对象。而业务层对象获得DetachedCriteria之后，可以在session范围内直接构造Criteria，进行查询。就此，查询语句的构造完全被搬离到web层实现，而业务层则只负责完成持久化和查询的封装即可，与查询条件构造完全解耦，非常完美！

Criteria 和 DetachedCriteria 的主要区别在于创建的形式不一样， Criteria 是在线的，所以它是由 hibernate Session 进行创建的；而 DetachedCriteria 是离线的，创建时无需Session ，DetachedCriteria 提供了 2 个静态方法 forClass(Class) 或 forEntityName(Name)进行DetachedCriteria 实例的创建。
spring 的框架提供getHibernateTemplate().findByCriteria(detachedCriteria) 方法可以很方便地根据DetachedCriteria 来返回查询结果。

Criteria：
查詢User表格中的所有資料：

Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(User.class);

// 查詢user所有欄位

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering">List users = criteria<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.list</span>()<span class="hljs-comment">;</span>
Iterator iterator =  users<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.iterator</span>()<span class="hljs-comment">;</span>
while(iterator<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.hasNext</span>()) {
    User user = (User) iterator<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.next</span>()<span class="hljs-comment">;</span>
    System<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.out</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.println</span>(user<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.getId</span>() + user<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.getName</span>())<span class="hljs-comment">;          </span>
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li></ul>

Hibernate实际上使用以下的SQL來查詢：
select this_.id as id0_, this_.name as name0_0_ from user this_

Criteria只是个容器，如果想要設定查詢條件，則要使用add()方法加入Restrictions的条件限制 ，例如查詢age大於20且小於40的資料：

<code class="hljs lasso has-numbering">Criteria criteria <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> session<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>createCriteria(User<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>class);
criteria<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>add(Restrictions<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span><span class="hljs-literal">gt</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"age"</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">new</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">Integer</span>(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>)));
criteria<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span>add(Restrictions<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span><span class="hljs-literal">lt</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"age"</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">new</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">Integer</span>(<span class="hljs-number">40</span>)));
<span class="hljs-built_in">List</span> users <span class="hljs-subst">=</span> criteria<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span><span class="hljs-built_in">list</span>();</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li></ul>

您也可以使用逻辑組合來进行查詢，例如結合age等於（eq）20或（or）age為空（isNull）的條件：

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering">Criteria criteria = session<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.createCriteria</span>(User<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.class</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span>
criteria<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.add</span>(Restrictions<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.or</span>(
                   Restrictions<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.eq</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"age"</span>, new Integer(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>)),
                   Restrictions<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.isNull</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"age"</span>)
               ))<span class="hljs-comment">;</span>
List users = criteria<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.list</span>()<span class="hljs-comment">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li></ul>

DetachedCriteria的关联查询：

假设要通过stuName查询一个学生Student记录，可以如下：

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering">DetachedCriteria dc = DetachedCriteria<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.forClass</span>(Student<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.class</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span>
    dc<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.add</span>(Restrictions<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.like</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"stuName"</span>, stuName, MatchMode<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.ANYWHERE</span>))<span class="hljs-comment">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul>

如果要通过Student的Team的teamName查询一个Student记录，很多人都会这么写：

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering">DetachedCriteria dc = DetachedCriteria<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.forClass</span>(Student<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.class</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span>
    dc<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.add</span>(Restrictions<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.like</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"team.teamName"</span>, teamName, MatchMode<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.ANYWHERE</span>))<span class="hljs-comment">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul>

遗憾的是上述程序报错，说是在Student中找不到team.teamName属性，这是可以理解的。那么如何通过teamName查找Student呢？
可以这么写：

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering">DetachedCriteria dc = DetachedCriteria<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.forClass</span>(Student<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.class</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span>
    dc<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.createAlias</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"team"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"t"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span>
    dc<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.add</span>(Restrictions<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.like</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"t.teamName"</span>, teamName, MatchMode<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.ANYWHERE</span>))<span class="hljs-comment">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li></ul>

没错，就是要先建立team的引用，才能用team导航到teamName 。

这里有一个特殊情况，如果是对引用对象的id查询，则可以不用建立引用，也就是可以不调用createAlias()语句，如下所示：

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering">DetachedCriteria dc = DetachedCriteria<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.forClass</span>(Student<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.class</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span>
    dc<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.add</span>(Restrictions<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.like</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"team.id"</span>, teamId, MatchMode<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.ANYWHERE</span>))<span class="hljs-comment">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul>

据我个人的经验，team后只能跟其主键属性，比较其他属性要用别名。此主键属性可以用“id”字符来指代，也可以用team的主键属性来指代。换句话说，我的Student类的类主键“stuId”，不管是在HQL还是在QBC中，都可以用stu.id来指代stu.stuId。在这里可以看出 “id”字符的特殊性。上述是个人观点，并未得到确实的证实。

DetachedCriteria：

例子1：如果每个美女都有自己的客户资源（不要想歪了！），那么需要查询拥有客户Gates的美女怎么办？
两种方法：

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering"><span class="hljs-number">1</span>：
DetachedCriteria beautyCriteria = DetachedCriteria<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.forClass</span>(Beauty<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.class</span>)<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.createCriteria</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"customers"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span>
beautyCriteria<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.add</span>(Restrictions<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.eq</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"Gates"</span>)):

<span class="hljs-number">2</span>：
DetachedCriteria beautyCriteria = DetachedCriteria<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.forClass</span>(Beauty<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.class</span>)<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.createAlias</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"customers"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"c"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span>
beautyCriteria<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.add</span>(Restrictions<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.eq</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"c.name"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"Gates"</span>)):</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li></ul>

接着有了新的要求，年纪太大的美女不要，还是查找拥有客户Gates的，条件如下：

<code class="hljs applescript has-numbering">DetachedCriteria beautyCriteria = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Beauty.<span class="hljs-type">class</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"b"</span>).;
DetachedCriteria customerCriteria = beautyCriteria.createAlias(<span class="hljs-string">"customers"</span>, c<span class="hljs-string">");
beautyCriteria.add(Restrictions.le("</span>b.age<span class="hljs-string">", new Long(20))):
customerCriteria.add(Restrictions.eq("</span>c.<span class="hljs-property">name</span><span class="hljs-string">", "</span>Gates<span class="hljs-string">")):</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li></ul>

关于Criteria更详细的资料，Hibernate的源代码和测试是最好的文档。
Criteria的缺点？DBA很生气，后果很严重。

例子2：

Department和Employee是一对多关联，查询条件为：
　　名称是“department”开发部门；
　　部门里面的雇员年龄大于20岁；

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering">DetachedCriteria detachedCriteria = DetachedCriteria<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.forClass</span>(Department<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.class</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span>
detachedCriteria<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.add</span>(Restrictions<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.eq</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"department"</span>))
                 <span class="hljs-preprocessor">.createAlias</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"employees"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"e"</span>)
                 <span class="hljs-preprocessor">.add</span>(Restrictions<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.gt</span>((<span class="hljs-string">"e.age"</span>), new Integer(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>)))<span class="hljs-comment">;</span>


List  list = this<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.getHibernateTemplate</span>()<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.findByCriteria</span>(detachedCriteria)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li></ul>

Java代码 复制代码 收藏代码

detachedCriteria.add(Expression.like("citycode", markuplayer8.getCitycode(),MatchMode.ANYWHERE));  

[java] view plaincopy

detachedCriteria.add(Expression.like("citycode", markuplayer8.getCitycode(),MatchMode.ANYWHERE));  

SQL：
Java代码 复制代码 收藏代码

if(startdate!=null && !startdate.equals("") && enddate!=null && !enddate.equals("")){   
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();   
            sb.append("enddate >='" + enddate + "' and '"+startdate+"' <= startdate");   
            detachedCriteria.add(Expression.sql(sb.toString()));   
        }   
        List<Markuplayer8> markuplayerList = this.getHibernateTemplate().findByCriteria(detachedCriteria);  

[java] view plaincopy

if(startdate!=null && !startdate.equals("") && enddate!=null && !enddate.equals("")){  
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();  
            sb.append("enddate >='" + enddate + "' and '"+startdate+"' <= startdate");  
            detachedCriteria.add(Expression.sql(sb.toString()));  
        }  
        List<Markuplayer8> markuplayerList = this.getHibernateTemplate().findByCriteria(detachedCriteria);  

重要：

http://dev.yesky.com/241/2033241.shtml

http://www.tup.com.cn/Resource/tsyz/027541-01.txt

http://www.blogjava.net/hilor/archive/2007/09/14/145172.html

很全的例子：http://blog.csdn.net/kjfcpua/archive/2009/06/21/4287248.aspx