mysql join的图例解释，超完美

原文地址：http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/33052/Visual-Representation-of-SQL-Join

Inner JOIN

This is the simplest, most understood Join and is the most common. This query will return all of the records in the left table (table A) that have a matching record in the right table (table B). This Join is written as follows:

这是最简单的，最容易懂的，最普遍的join。这个查询将会返回所有的在表B中能够找到匹配表A的这些记录：

SELECT <select_list> FROM Table_A AINNER JOIN Table_B BON A.Key = B.Key

Left JOIN

This query will return all of the records in the left table (table A) regardless if any of those records have a match in the right table (table B). It will also return any matching records from the right table. This Join is written as follows:

这个查询返回所有在左表中的所有记录，不会考虑在右表中是否有匹配的记录。它也会返回右表中所有匹配的记录

SELECT <select_list>
FROM Table_A A
LEFT JOIN Table_B B
ON A.Key = B.Key

Right JOIN

This query will return all of the records in the right table (table B) regardless if any of those records have a match in the left table (table A). It will also return any matching records from the left table. This Join is written as follows:

SELECT <select_list>
FROM Table_A A
RIGHT JOIN Table_B B
ON A.Key = B.Key

Outer JOIN

This Join can also be referred to as a FULL OUTER JOIN or a FULL JOIN. This query will return all of the records from both tables, joining records from the left table (table A) that match records from the right table (table B). This Join is written as follows:

outer join也叫作FULL OUTER JOIN 或者 a FULL JOIN,这个将会返回两个表中的所有记录，包括互相匹配的。

SELECT <select_list>
FROM Table_A A
FULL OUTER JOIN Table_B B
ON A.Key = B.Key

Left Excluding JOIN

This query will return all of the records in the left table (table A) that do not match any records in the right table (table B). This Join is written as follows:

SELECT <select_list> 
FROM Table_A A
LEFT JOIN Table_B B
ON A.Key = B.Key
WHERE B.Key IS NULL

Right Excluding JOIN

This query will return all of the records in the right table (table B) that do not match any records in the left table (table A). This Join is written as follows:

SELECT <select_list>
FROM Table_A A
RIGHT JOIN Table_B B
ON A.Key = B.Key
WHERE A.Key IS NULL

Outer Excluding JOIN

This query will return all of the records in the left table (table A) and all of the records in the right table (table B) that do not match. I have yet to have a need for using this type of Join, but all of the others, I use quite frequently. This Join is written as follows:

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SELECT <select_list>
FROM Table_A A
FULL OUTER JOIN Table_B B
ON A.Key = B.Key
WHERE A.Key IS NULL OR B.Key IS NULL

Examples

Suppose we have two tables, Table_A and Table_B. The data in these tables are shown below:

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TABLE_A
  PK Value
---- ----------
   1 FOX
   2 COP
   3 TAXI
   6 WASHINGTON
   7 DELL
   5 ARIZONA
   4 LINCOLN
  10 LUCENT

TABLE_B
  PK Value
---- ----------
   1 TROT
   2 CAR
   3 CAB
   6 MONUMENT
   7 PC
   8 MICROSOFT
   9 APPLE
  11 SCOTCH

The results of the seven Joins are shown below:

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-- INNER JOIN
SELECT A.PK AS A_PK, A.Value AS A_Value,
       B.Value AS B_Value, B.PK AS B_PK
FROM Table_A A
INNER JOIN Table_B B
ON A.PK = B.PK

A_PK A_Value    B_Value    B_PK
---- ---------- ---------- ----
   1 FOX        TROT          1
   2 COP        CAR           2
   3 TAXI       CAB           3
   6 WASHINGTON MONUMENT      6
   7 DELL       PC            7

(5 row(s) affected)

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-- LEFT JOIN
SELECT A.PK AS A_PK, A.Value AS A_Value,
B.Value AS B_Value, B.PK AS B_PK
FROM Table_A A
LEFT JOIN Table_B B
ON A.PK = B.PK

A_PK A_Value    B_Value    B_PK
---- ---------- ---------- ----
   1 FOX        TROT          1
   2 COP        CAR           2
   3 TAXI       CAB           3
   4 LINCOLN    NULL       NULL
   5 ARIZONA    NULL       NULL
   6 WASHINGTON MONUMENT      6
   7 DELL       PC            7
  10 LUCENT     NULL       NULL

(8 row(s) affected)

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-- RIGHT JOIN
SELECT A.PK AS A_PK, A.Value AS A_Value,
B.Value AS B_Value, B.PK AS B_PK
FROM Table_A A
RIGHT JOIN Table_B B
ON A.PK = B.PK

A_PK A_Value    B_Value    B_PK
---- ---------- ---------- ----
   1 FOX        TROT          1
   2 COP        CAR           2
   3 TAXI       CAB           3
   6 WASHINGTON MONUMENT      6
   7 DELL       PC            7
NULL NULL       MICROSOFT     8
NULL NULL       APPLE         9
NULL NULL       SCOTCH       11

(8 row(s) affected)

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-- OUTER JOIN
SELECT A.PK AS A_PK, A.Value AS A_Value,
B.Value AS B_Value, B.PK AS B_PK
FROM Table_A A
FULL OUTER JOIN Table_B B
ON A.PK = B.PK

A_PK A_Value    B_Value    B_PK
---- ---------- ---------- ----
   1 FOX        TROT          1
   2 COP        CAR           2
   3 TAXI       CAB           3
   6 WASHINGTON MONUMENT      6
   7 DELL       PC            7
NULL NULL       MICROSOFT     8
NULL NULL       APPLE         9
NULL NULL       SCOTCH       11
   5 ARIZONA    NULL       NULL
   4 LINCOLN    NULL       NULL
  10 LUCENT     NULL       NULL

(11 row(s) affected)

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-- LEFT EXCLUDING JOIN
SELECT A.PK AS A_PK, A.Value AS A_Value,
B.Value AS B_Value, B.PK AS B_PK
FROM Table_A A
LEFT JOIN Table_B B
ON A.PK = B.PK
WHERE B.PK IS NULL

A_PK A_Value    B_Value    B_PK
---- ---------- ---------- ----
   4 LINCOLN    NULL       NULL
   5 ARIZONA    NULL       NULL
  10 LUCENT     NULL       NULL
(3 row(s) affected)

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-- RIGHT EXCLUDING JOIN
SELECT A.PK AS A_PK, A.Value AS A_Value,
B.Value AS B_Value, B.PK AS B_PK
FROM Table_A A
RIGHT JOIN Table_B B
ON A.PK = B.PK
WHERE A.PK IS NULL

A_PK A_Value    B_Value    B_PK
---- ---------- ---------- ----
NULL NULL       MICROSOFT     8
NULL NULL       APPLE         9
NULL NULL       SCOTCH       11

(3 row(s) affected)

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-- OUTER EXCLUDING JOIN
SELECT A.PK AS A_PK, A.Value AS A_Value,
B.Value AS B_Value, B.PK AS B_PK
FROM Table_A A
FULL OUTER JOIN Table_B B
ON A.PK = B.PK
WHERE A.PK IS NULL
OR B.PK IS NULL

A_PK A_Value    B_Value    B_PK
---- ---------- ---------- ----
NULL NULL       MICROSOFT     8
NULL NULL       APPLE         9
NULL NULL       SCOTCH       11
   5 ARIZONA    NULL       NULL
   4 LINCOLN    NULL       NULL
  10 LUCENT     NULL       NULL

(6 row(s) affected)

Note on the OUTER JOIN that the inner joined records are returned first, followed by the right joined records, and then finally the left joined records (at least, that's how my Microsoft SQL Server did it; this, of course, is without using any ORDER BY statement).

You can visit the Wikipedia article for more info here (however, the entry is not graphical).

I've also created a cheat sheet that you can print out if needed. If you right click on the image below and select "Save Target As...", you will download the full size image.