android Fragments详解七:fragement示例

下例中实验了上面所讲的所有内容。此例有一个activity，其含有两个fragment。一个显示莎士比亚剧的播放曲目，另一个显示选中曲目的摘要。此例还演示了如何跟据屏幕大小配置fragment。

主activity创建layout。

@Override protectedvoid onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.fragment_layout); }
主activity的layoutxml文档

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <fragment class="com.example.android.apis.app.FragmentLayout$TitlesFragment" android:id="@+id/titles" android:layout_weight="1" android:layout_width="0px" android:layout_height="match_parent" /> <FrameLayout android:id="@+id/details" android:layout_weight="1" android:layout_width="0px" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:background="?android:attr/detailsElementBackground" /> </LinearLayout>
系统在activity加载此layout时初始化TitlesFragment（用于显示标题列表），TitlesFragment的右边是一个FrameLayout，用于存放显示摘要的fragment，但是现在它还是空的，fragment只有当用户选择了一项标题后，摘要fragment才会被放到FrameLayout中。

然而，并不是所有的屏幕都有足够的宽度来容纳标题列表和摘要。所以，上述layout只用于横屏，现把它存放于ret/layout-land/fragment_layout.xml。

之外，当用于竖屏时，系统使用下面的layout，它存放于ret/layout/fragment_layout.xml：

<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <fragment class="com.example.android.apis.app.FragmentLayout$TitlesFragment" android:id="@+id/titles" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" /> </FrameLayout>

这个layout只包含TitlesFragment。这表示当使用竖屏时，只显示标题列表。当用户选中一项时，程序会启动一个新的activity去显示摘要，而不是加载第二个fragment。

下一步，你会看到Fragment类的实现。第一个是TitlesFragment，它从ListFragment派生，大部分列表的功能由ListFragment提供。

当用户选择一个Title时，代码需要做出两种行为，一种是在同一个activity中显示创建并显示摘要fragment，另一种是启动一个新的activity。

public static class TitlesFragment extends ListFragment { boolean mDualPane; int mCurCheckPosition = 0; @Override public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState); // Populate list with our static array of titles. setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(getActivity(), android.R.layout.simple_list_item_activated_1, Shakespeare.TITLES)); // Check to see if we have a frame in which to embed the details // fragment directly in the containing UI. View detailsFrame = getActivity().findViewById(R.id.details); mDualPane = detailsFrame != null && detailsFrame.getVisibility() == View.VISIBLE; if (savedInstanceState != null) { // Restore last state for checked position. mCurCheckPosition = savedInstanceState.getInt("curChoice", 0); } if (mDualPane) { // In dual-pane mode, the list view highlights the selected item. getListView().setChoiceMode(ListView.CHOICE_MODE_SINGLE); // Make sure our UI is in the correct state. showDetails(mCurCheckPosition); } } @Override public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) { super.onSaveInstanceState(outState); outState.putInt("curChoice", mCurCheckPosition); } @Override public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) { showDetails(position); } /** * Helper function to show the details of a selected item, either by * displaying a fragment in-place in the current UI, or starting a * whole new activity in which it is displayed. */ void showDetails(int index) { mCurCheckPosition = index; if (mDualPane) { // We can display everything in-place with fragments, so update // the list to highlight the selected item and show the data. getListView().setItemChecked(index, true); // Check what fragment is currently shown, replace if needed. DetailsFragment details = (DetailsFragment) getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.details); if (details == null || details.getShownIndex() != index) { // Make new fragment to show this selection. details = DetailsFragment.newInstance(index); // Execute a transaction, replacing any existing fragment // with this one inside the frame. FragmentTransaction ft = getFragmentManager().beginTransaction(); ft.replace(R.id.details, details); ft.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_FADE); ft.commit(); } } else { // Otherwise we need to launch a new activity to display // the dialog fragment with selected text. Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setClass(getActivity(), DetailsActivity.class); intent.putExtra("index", index); startActivity(intent); } }
第二个fragment，DetailsFragment显示被选择的Title的摘要：

public static class DetailsFragment extends Fragment { /** * Create a new instance of DetailsFragment, initialized to * show the text at 'index'. */ public static DetailsFragment newInstance(int index) { DetailsFragment f = new DetailsFragment(); // Supply index input as an argument. Bundle args = new Bundle(); args.putInt("index", index); f.setArguments(args); return f; } public int getShownIndex() { return getArguments().getInt("index", 0); } @Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { if (container == null) { // We have different layouts, and in one of them this // fragment's containing frame doesn't exist. The fragment // may still be created from its saved state, but there is // no reason to try to create its view hierarchy because it // won't be displayed. Note this is not needed -- we could // just run the code below, where we would create and return // the view hierarchy; it would just never be used. return null; } ScrollView scroller = new ScrollView(getActivity()); TextView text = new TextView(getActivity()); int padding = (int)TypedValue.applyDimension(TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_DIP, 4, getActivity().getResources().getDisplayMetrics()); text.setPadding(padding, padding, padding, padding); scroller.addView(text); text.setText(Shakespeare.DIALOGUE[getShownIndex()]); return scroller; } }
如果当前的layout没有R.id.detailsView（它被用于DetailsFragment的容器），那么程序就启动DetailsActivity来显示摘要。

下面是DetailsActivity，它只是简单地嵌入DetailsFragment来显示摘要。

public static class DetailsActivity extends Activity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); if (getResources().getConfiguration().orientation == Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE) { // If the screen is now in landscape mode, we can show the // dialog in-line with the list so we don't need this activity. finish(); return; } if (savedInstanceState == null) { // During initial setup, plug in the details fragment. DetailsFragment details = new DetailsFragment(); details.setArguments(getIntent().getExtras()); getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().add(android.R.id.content, details).commit(); } } }
注意这个activity在检测到是竖屏时会结束自己，于是主activity会接管它并显示出TitlesFragment和DetailsFragment。这可以在用户在竖屏时显示在TitleFragment，但用户旋转了屏幕，使显示变成了横屏。