1. Gson使用其内置适配器执行对象的序列化/反序列化。它还支持自定义适配器。我们将讨论如何创建自定义适配器以及如何使用它。
2. 创建自定义适配器
2.1. 通过扩展TypeAdapter类并将其传递给目标对象的类型来创建自定义适配器。重写读取和写入方法以分别执行自定义反序列化和序列化。
class StudentAdapter extends TypeAdapter<Student> {
@Override
public Student read(JsonReader reader) throws IOException {
...
}
@Override
public void write(JsonWriter writer, Student student) throws IOException {
}
}
3. 注册自定义适配器
3.1. 使用GsonBuilder注册自定义适配器和使用创造GSON实例GsonBuilder。
GsonBuilder builder = new GsonBuilder();
builder.registerTypeAdapter(Student.class, new StudentAdapter());
Gson gson = builder.create();
4. 使用适配器
4.1. Gson现在将使用自定义适配器将Json文本转换为对象, 反之亦然。
String jsonString = "{\"id\":1, \"name\":\"张三\"}";
Student student = gson.fromJson(jsonString, Student.class);
System.out.println(student);
jsonString = gson.toJson(student);
System.out.println(jsonString);
5. 例子
5.1. 新建一个名为GsonAdapter的Java项目, 同时添加相关jar包。
5.2. 新建Student.java
package com.fj.a;
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String toString() {
return "Student [id = " + id + ", name = " + name + "]";
}
}
5.3. 新建StudentAdapter.java
package com.fj.a;
import java.io.IOException;
import com.google.gson.TypeAdapter;
import com.google.gson.stream.JsonReader;
import com.google.gson.stream.JsonToken;
import com.google.gson.stream.JsonWriter;
class StudentAdapter extends TypeAdapter<Student> {
@Override
public Student read(JsonReader reader) throws IOException {
Student student = new Student();
reader.beginObject();
String fieldname = null;
while (reader.hasNext()) {
JsonToken token = reader.peek();
if (token.equals(JsonToken.NAME)) {
fieldname = reader.nextName();
}
if ("id".equals(fieldname)) {
token = reader.peek();
student.setId(reader.nextInt());
}
if ("name".equals(fieldname)) {
token = reader.peek();
student.setName(reader.nextString());
}
}
reader.endObject();
return student;
}
@Override
public void write(JsonWriter writer, Student student) throws IOException {
writer.beginObject();
writer.name("id");
writer.value(student.getId());
writer.name("name");
writer.value(student.getName());
writer.endObject();
}
}
5.4. 新建App.java
package com.fj.a;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
public class App {
public static void main(String args[]) {
GsonBuilder builder = new GsonBuilder();
builder.registerTypeAdapter(Student.class, new StudentAdapter());
builder.setPrettyPrinting();
Gson gson = builder.create();
String jsonString = "{\"id\":1, \"name\":\"张三\"}";
Student student = gson.fromJson(jsonString, Student.class);
System.out.println(student);
jsonString = gson.toJson(student);
System.out.println(jsonString);
}
}
5.5. 运行App.java