J2ME与Web Service

来源：http://blog.csdn.net/usepc/archive/2004/11/28/196994.aspx

1. 服务端

这次要发布的web service非常简单。它的功能是把从客户端传入的字符串中的小写字母转变成大写字母，再返回给客户端。Soap 服务器采用apache的AXIS（可以从http://ws.apache.org/axis/下载），应用服务器可以选用各种servlet 容器，我这里采用的是weblogic。

1.1 实现类的源代码

// StringProcessor.java
package com.jagie.j2me.ws;

public class StringProcessor {
  public StringProcessor() {
  }

  public String process(String name){
    return name.toUpperCase();
  }

}

1.2 发布步骤

1．准备一个目录作为web application的发布目录,我这里的这个目录叫jagiews,这个目录的全路径中最好不要有空格和中文。我的发布目录结构如下：

2．编译StringProcessor.java,把生成的StringProcessor.class置于: /jagiews/WEB-INF/classes/com/jagie/j2me/ws目录下。

3.在jagiews/WEB-INF/lib 文件夹中置入以下axis服务器需要的jar文件 axis.jar，axis-ant.jar，commons-discovery.jar，commons-logging.jar，jaxrpc.jar，log4j-1.2.8.jar，saaj.jar ，wsdl4j.jar。这些文件可以在http://ws.apache.org/axis/下载，如图所示：

4.在jagiews/WEB-INF目录下增加2个发布描述文件：server-config.wsdd，web.xml。

#server-config.wsdd

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<deployment xmlns="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/" 
xmlns:java="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/providers/java">
 <globalConfiguration>
  <parameter name="adminPassword" value="admin"/>
  <parameter name="attachments.Directory" value="C:/Program Files
  /Apache Tomcat 4.0/webapps/axis/WEB-INF/attachments"/>
  <parameter name="attachments.implementation" 
  value="org.apache.axis.attachments.AttachmentsImpl"/>
  <parameter name="sendXsiTypes" value="true"/>
  <parameter name="sendMultiRefs" value="true"/>
  <parameter name="sendXMLDeclaration" value="true"/>
  <parameter name="axis.sendMinimizedElements" value="true"/>
  <requestFlow>
   <handler type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.JWSHandler">
    <parameter name="scope" value="session"/>
   </handler>
   <handler type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.JWSHandler">
    <parameter name="scope" value="request"/>
    <parameter name="extension" value=".jwr"/>
   </handler>
  </requestFlow>
 </globalConfiguration>
 <handler name="LocalResponder" 
 type="java:org.apache.axis.transport.local.LocalResponder"/>
 <handler name="URLMapper" 
 type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.http.URLMapper"/>
 <handler name="RPCDispatcher" 
 type="java:org.apache.axis.providers.java.RPCProvider"/>
 <handler name="Authenticate" 
 type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.SimpleAuthenticationHandler"/>
 <handler name="MsgDispatcher" 
 type="java:org.apache.axis.providers.java.MsgProvider"/>

 <service name="AdminService" provider="java:MSG">
  <parameter name="allowedMethods" value="AdminService"/>
  <parameter name="enableRemoteAdmin" value="false"/>
  <parameter name="className" value="org.apache.axis.utils.Admin"/>
  <namespace>http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/</namespace>
 </service>
 <service name="Version" provider="java:RPC">
  <parameter name="allowedMethods" value="getVersion"/>
  <parameter name="className" value="org.apache.axis.Version"/>
 </service>
 <!--  your service  begin-->
  <service name="StringProcess" provider="java:RPC">
  <parameter name="allowedMethods" value="process"/>
  <parameter name="className" 
  value="com.jagie.j2me.ws.StringProcessor"/>
 </service>
<!-- your service  end -->
 <transport name="http">
  <requestFlow>
   <handler type="URLMapper"/>
   <handler type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.http.HTTPAuthHandler"/>
  </requestFlow>
 </transport>
 <transport name="local">
  <responseFlow>
   <handler type="java:org.apache.axis.transport.local.LocalResponder"/>
  </responseFlow>
 </transport>
</deployment>

# web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!DOCTYPE web-app
    PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
    "http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtds/web-app_2.2.dtd">

<web-app>
  <display-name>Apache-Axis</display-name>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>
    <display-name>Apache-Axis Servlet</display-name>
    <servlet-class>
        org.apache.axis.transport.http.AxisServlet
    </servlet-class>
  </servlet>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>AdminServlet</servlet-name>
    <display-name>Axis Admin Servlet</display-name>
    <servlet-class>
        org.apache.axis.transport.http.AdminServlet
    </servlet-class>
    <load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>SOAPMonitorService</servlet-name>
    <display-name>SOAPMonitorService</display-name>
    <servlet-class>
        org.apache.axis.monitor.SOAPMonitorService
    </servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>SOAPMonitorPort</param-name>
      <param-value>5001</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/servlet/AxisServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.jws</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/services/*</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>SOAPMonitorService</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/SOAPMonitor</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

 <!-- uncomment this if you want the admin servlet -->
 <!--
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>AdminServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/servlet/AdminServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
 -->

    <!-- currently the W3C havent settled on a media type for WSDL;
    http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-wsdl12-20030303/#ietf-draft
    for now we go with the basic 'it's XML' response -->
  <mime-mapping>
    <extension>wsdl</extension>
     <mime-type>text/xml</mime-type>
  </mime-mapping>
  <mime-mapping>
    <extension>xsd</extension>
    <mime-type>text/xml</mime-type>
  </mime-mapping>
</web-app>

5.开启你的application server，把目录jagiews发布为一个名叫jagiews的web application。

6.测试:打开浏览器，输入网址（这里使用的是weblogic,其他的服务器请酌情修改）: http://localhost:7001/jagiews/services/StringProcess?method=process&name=qqqq，如果浏览器能在返回的xml文档中显示字符串"QQQQ"，恭喜你，你的web service发布成功了。如果发布不成功，请按以上发布步骤检查一下。

2. 客户端

客户端自然是用MIDlet了，不过用什么方式来访问web service呢？其实有3种访问方式

1. 直接用HttpConnection访问 http://localhost:7001/jagiews/services/StringProcess?method=process&name=qqqq，得到xml的返回数据，然后用kxml(http://kxml.enhydra.org/)解析，得到返回值。
2. 如果你的手机支持MIDP2.0的话，可以考虑使用JSR172。
3. 用ksoap api。

这里讲述第三种方式。使用之前，你需要从 http://ksoap.enhydra.org/software/downloads/index.html下载稳定的ksoap包，置于你的classpath中。

2.1 客户端源代码

2.1.1 WSClientMIDlet.java

package com.jagie.j2me.ws;

import javax.microedition.midlet.*;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;

/**
 * <p>Title: </p>
 * <p>Description: </p>
 * <p>Copyright: Copyright (c) 2004</p>
 * <p>Company: </p>
 * @author not attributable
 * @version 1.0
 */

public class WSClientMIDlet
    extends MIDlet {
  static WSClientMIDlet instance;

  public WSClientMIDlet() {
    instance = this;
  }

  public void startApp() {
    Display display=Display.getDisplay(this);
    DisplayForm displayable = new DisplayForm();
    display.setCurrent(displayable);

  }

  public void pauseApp() {
  }

  public void destroyApp(boolean unconditional) {
  }

  public static void quitApp() {
    instance.destroyApp(true);
    instance.notifyDestroyed();
    instance = null;
  }

}

2.1.2 DisplayForm.java

package com.jagie.j2me.ws;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;


/**
 * <p>Title: </p>
 * <p>Description: </p>
 * <p>Copyright: Copyright (c) 2004</p>
 * <p>Company: </p>
 * @author not attributable
 * @version 1.0
 */

public class DisplayForm
    extends Form
    implements CommandListener, Runnable {
  private TextField textField1;
  private Thread t;

  public DisplayForm() {
    super("字符转换webservice测试");

    try {
      jbInit();
    }
    catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }


  }

  private void jbInit() throws Exception {
    // Set up this Displayable to listen to command events
    textField1 = new TextField("", "", 15, TextField.ANY);
    this.setCommandListener(this);
    textField1.setLabel("待处理的字符串是：");
    textField1.setConstraints(TextField.ANY);
    textField1.setInitialInputMode("Tester");
    setCommandListener(this);
    // add the Exit command
    addCommand(new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 1));
    addCommand(new Command("Process", Command.OK, 1));
    this.append(textField1);
  }

  public void commandAction(Command command, Displayable displayable) {

    if (command.getCommandType() == Command.EXIT) {
      WSClientMIDlet.quitApp();
    }
    else if (command.getCommandType() == Command.OK) {
      t = new Thread(this);
      t.start();
    }
  }

  public void run() {
    String s1 = textField1.getString();
    String s2 = new StringProcessorStub().process(s1);
    StringItem resultItem = new StringItem("处理后的字符串是:", s2);
    this.append(resultItem);

  }

}

2.1.3 StringProcessorStub.java

package com.jagie.j2me.ws;

import org.ksoap.*;
import org.ksoap.transport.HttpTransport;

/**
 * <p>Title: </p>
 * <p>Description: </p>
 * <p>Copyright: Copyright (c) 2004</p>
 * <p>Company: </p>
 * @author not attributable
 * @version 1.0
 */

  public class StringProcessorStub {
    public StringProcessorStub() {
  }

  public String process(String name) {
    String result = null;
    try {

      SoapObject rpc = new SoapObject
    ("http://localhost:7001/jagiews/services/StringProcess", "process");

      rpc.addProperty("name", name);

      HttpTransport ht = new HttpTransport
    ("http://localhost:7001/jagiews/services/StringProcess", "");

      result = (String) ht.call(rpc);

    }
    catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }

    return result;

  }
}

测试客户端

现在，试着在你的ide里运行WSClientMIDlet，如果调用成功，则出现以下画面：

总结

有了ksoap，手机上调用web service就很容易了。不过要注意的是，使用网络连接这种费时操作的时候，一定要单独开线程进行，不要直接写在commandAction()方法里，否则出现画面被锁住的情况。